<em>In situ</em> Raman analyses of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries

Short‐range ordering in the Li‐rich disordered rock salt cathode material Li2VO2F revealed by Raman spectroscopy

“…This is not least due to the fact that, unlike XRD Rietveld analysis, Raman spectroscopy is more sensitive to the SRO in a crystal. [14,15] However, to the best of our knowledge, there are currently no studies employing Raman spectroscopy in order to reveal SRO in Li-rich DRS cathodes. Here, we employ Raman spectroscopy, supported by DFT calculations, for studying the SRO in the Li 2 VO 2 F material, which is a relevant example of both a cation and anion disordered Li-rich disordered rock salt structure.…”

Evolution of Reactions of a Fluoride Shuttle Battery at the Surfaces of BiF3 Microclusters Studied by In Situ Raman Microscopy

“…Raman spectroscopy has the following advantages:( i) it is nondestructive for many materials, (ii)the time required to obtain as ingle Raman spectrum is short (usually several to several tens of seconds), and( iii)much chemical information can be obtained from the differenceb etween the wavenumbers of the scattered light and incident light, whichc orresponds to the energy of as pecific vibrational mode of the sample material. Despite many studies of lithium-ion batteries by Ramans pectroscopy, there has been no report on the analysiso fm aterials forf luoride shuttleb atteries using in situ and ex situ Ramans pectroscopy.I nsitu 2D Raman mapping has also been used to elucidate the spatiale volution of battery reactions of composite electrodes [16][17][18] and large single crystals. [21,22] In the present work, the spatial evolutiono fF SB reactions of an early 2D microcluster of orthorhombic BiF 3 partly embedded in ag old-plated film on ag old foil (o-BiF 3 /gold;F igure 1, see Experimental Section) in an ionic liquid electrolyte [9] was elucidated by in situ Raman microscopy.T his sample was used because (i)gold is inactivefor the battery reactions in the present work, (ii)BiF 3 andB iw ith dark colors are easily distinguish-Fluoride shuttle batteries (FSBs), which utilize defluorination of metal fluorides and fluorination of the resultant metals,a re expected to have high energy densities.…”

“…In situ Raman spectroscopy has been widely used to analyze electrode reactions and concentration changes of the composition of an electrolyte solution in batteries. Raman spectroscopy has the following advantages: (i) it is nondestructive for many materials, (ii) the time required to obtain a single Raman spectrum is short (usually several to several tens of seconds), and (iii) much chemical information can be obtained from the difference between the wavenumbers of the scattered light and incident light, which corresponds to the energy of a specific vibrational mode of the sample material.…”

Statistical Raman spectroscopy characterization of carbon additive in low‐C composites: Toward industrial quality control

“…It should be stressed that sRS is a kind of alter‐ego of in situ/in operando Raman spectroscopy, but the accumulated spectra differ not by temporal parameter but by spatial one. In either cases, researchers collect (or mine) some amount of data (the more, the better) for further analysis of kinetics or nonuniformity.…”