Lower tendon stiffness in very old compared with old individuals is unaffected by short-term resistance training of skeletal muscle

Eriksen, Christian; Henkel, Cecilie; Svensson, René B.; Agergaard, Anne‐Sofie; Couppé, Christian; Kjær, Michael; Magnusson, S. Peter

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00028.2018

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…This was first shown by Onambele et al 21 who compared Achilles Tendon in three groups of age 24 y, 46 y and 60 y (see figure 4) and recently confirmed by Delabastita et al 63 who published a systematic literature review. Similar reductions have been reported in very old people (comparing 65 y to 83 y) for the patellar tendon by Eriksen et al 64 and by Hsiao…”

Section: Age-related Changes In Mechanical Properties Of Tendons and Aponeurosessupporting

confidence: 87%

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Increase of resting muscle stiffness, a less considered component of age-related skeletal muscle impairment

Marcucci

Reggiani

2020

Eur J Transl Myol

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Elderly people perform more slowly movements of everyday life as rising from a chair, walking, and climbing stairs. This is in the first place due to the loss of muscle contractile force which is even more pronounced than the loss of muscle mass. In addition, a secondary, but not negligible, component is the rigidity or increased stiffness which requires greater effort to produce the same movement and limits the range of motion of the joints. In this short review, we discuss the possible determinants of the limitations of joint mobility in healthy elderly, starting with the age-dependent alterations of the articular structure and focusing on the increased stiffness of the skeletal muscles. Thereafter, the possible mechanisms of the increased stiffness of the muscle-tendon complex are considered, among them changes in the muscle fibers, alterations of the connective components (extracellular matrix or ECM, aponeurosis, fascia and tendon) and remodeling of the neural pattern of muscle activation with increased of antagonist co-activation.

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Section: Age-related Changes In Mechanical Properties Of Tendons and Aponeurosessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Although the changes of tendon properties might be attributed to a reduced mechanical loading, it is still debated whether resistance training is able to reverse the change. 64,71…”

Section: Fig 3 Contributions Of Fibers and Extracellular Matrix Elasticity To The Elasticity Of A Muscle Fiber Bundle Left Panel: Restingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase of resting muscle stiffness, a less considered component of age-related skeletal muscle impairment

Marcucci

Reggiani

2020

Eur J Transl Myol

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“…Considering both collagen synthesis and gene expression analyses, a physiological increase in mechanical loading seems to be beneficial for tendons, whereas a decrease in mechanical loading is detrimental for tendon formation during tissue development [30]. However, RT did not affect the mechanical properties or dimension of the patellar tendon of old individuals [98], even though elevated ECM remodeling has been observed in response to RT [84]. Thus, our results suggest that an RT model might be an effective intervention against aging-induced deleterious effects on the biomechanical and morphological properties of tendons, supporting the use of RT as an important strategy to trigger beneficial adaptations in tendons.…”

Section: Effect Of Training Modalities On Tendon Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tendon Remodeling in Response to Resistance Training, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Aging

Guzzoni

Selistre-de-Araújo

Marqueti

2018

Cells

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Exercise training (ET), anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), and aging are potential factors that affect tendon homeostasis, particularly extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The goal of this review is to aggregate findings regarding the effects of resistance training (RT), AAS, and aging on tendon homeostasis. Data were gathered from our studies regarding the impact of RT, AAS, and aging on the calcaneal tendon (CT) of rats. We demonstrated a series of detrimental effects of AAS and aging on functional and biomechanical parameters, including the volume density of blood vessel cells, adipose tissue cells, tendon calcification, collagen content, the regulation of the major proteins related to the metabolic/development processes of tendons, and ECM remodeling. Conversely, RT seems to mitigate age-related tendon dysfunction. Our results suggest that AAS combined with high-intensity RT exert harmful effects on ECM remodeling, and also instigate molecular and biomechanical adaptations in the CT. Moreover, we provide further information regarding the harmful effects of AAS on tendons at a transcriptional level, and demonstrate the beneficial effects of RT against the age-induced tendon adaptations of rats. Our studies might contribute in terms of clinical approaches in favor of the benefits of ET against tendinopathy conditions, and provide a warning on the harmful effects of the misuse of AAS on tendon development.

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“…Producing movement and torque around a joint requires the transfer of force from the muscle to the bone via the tendon. As the muscle shortens, forces placed on the tendon are distributed through the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the tendon, and this ratio of force to the CSA is quantified as the tendon's mechanical property of stress (Vergari et al, 2011 ; Eriksen et al, 2018 ; Lepley et al, 2018 ; Ristaniemi et al, 2018 ; Smart et al, 2018a ). Stress is dependent on the amount of force applied to the tendon and the CSA of the tendon, such that greater amounts of applied force and smaller tendon CSA culminate in the higher stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human in vivo studies evaluating the tendon stress traditionally rely on the measure of engineering stress which assumes that CSA is constant from rest to the maximal forces, and uses the resting tendon CSA for all the calculations of stress (Stenroth et al, 2012 ; Eriksen et al, 2018 ; Lepley et al, 2018 ). This experimental approach is appealing, as resting CSA measures are relatively easy to acquire (Stenroth et al, 2012 ; Eriksen et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting Tendon Cross-Sectional Area Underestimates Biceps Brachii Tendon Stress: Importance of Measuring During a Contraction

2021

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Force produced by the muscle during contraction is applied to the tendon and distributed through the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the tendon. This ratio of force to the tendon CSA is quantified as the tendon mechanical property of stress. Stress is traditionally calculated using the resting tendon CSA; however, this does not take into account the reductions in the CSA resulting from tendon elongation during the contraction. It is unknown if calculating the tendon stress using instantaneous CSA during a contraction significantly increases the values of in vivo distal biceps brachii (BB) tendon stress in humans compared to stress calculated with the resting CSA. Nine young (22 ± 1 years) and nine old (76 ± 4 years) males, and eight young females (21 ± 1 years) performed submaximal isometric elbow flexion tracking tasks at force levels ranging from 2.5 to 80% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The distal BB tendon CSA was recorded on ultrasound at rest and during the submaximal tracking tasks (instantaneous). Tendon stress was calculated as the ratio of tendon force during contraction to CSA using the resting and instantaneous measures of CSA, and statistically evaluated with multi-level modeling (MLM) and Johnson–Neyman regions of significance tests to determine the specific force levels above which the differences between calculation methods and groups became statistically significant. The tendon CSA was greatest at rest and decreased as the force level increased (p < 0.001), and was largest in young males (23.0 ± 2.90 mm2) followed by old males (20.87 ± 2.0 mm2) and young females (17.08 ± 1.54 mm2) (p < 0.001) at rest and across the submaximal force levels. Tendon stress was greater in the instantaneous compared with the resting CSA condition, and young males had the greatest difference in the values of tendon stress between the two conditions (20 ± 4%), followed by old males (19 ± 5%), and young females (17 ± 5%). The specific force at which the difference between the instantaneous and resting CSA stress values became statistically significant was 2.6, 6.6, and 10% MVC for old males, young females, and young males, respectively. The influence of using the instantaneous compared to resting CSA for tendon stress is sex-specific in young adults, and age-specific in the context of males. The instantaneous CSA should be used to provide a more accurate measure of in vivo tendon stress in humans.

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Lower tendon stiffness in very old compared with old individuals is unaffected by short-term resistance training of skeletal muscle

Cited by 13 publications

References 69 publications

Increase of resting muscle stiffness, a less considered component of age-related skeletal muscle impairment

Increase of resting muscle stiffness, a less considered component of age-related skeletal muscle impairment

Tendon Remodeling in Response to Resistance Training, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Aging

Resting Tendon Cross-Sectional Area Underestimates Biceps Brachii Tendon Stress: Importance of Measuring During a Contraction

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