Lower placental growth factor and higher free β-hCG and PAPP-A levels in the fetal circulation of near-term pregnancies complicated with severe preeclampsia

Abstract

Lower PlGF and higher PAPP-A and free β-hCG levels were found in the fetal circulation of near-term severe preeclamptic pregnancies. There is a need for more research in this regard.

PLGF, a placental marker of fetal brain defects after in utero alcohol exposure

“…However, several data from the literature would plaid in favor of a direct effect. Indeed, consistent with the present data, it has been recently showed that PLGF is detected in the fetal blood of human neonates [35]. In addition, VEGF-R1 is expressed by tip cells and relative levels of VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 contribute in tip cell position [21].…”

“…During pregnancy the umbilical cord blood contains PLGF [6, 35]. Our data show that in utero alcohol exposure impairs both the expression of brain VEGF-R1 and the radial organization of cortical microvessels, leading to speculation that PLGF can reach the fetal brain and contributes to alcohol-induced angiogenic impairments.…”

“…With regard to pro-angiogenic factors, trophoblast cells express both VEGF and PLGF [14, 47]. The placenta represents the major source of PLGF during fetal growth [3], and because significant amounts of PLGF appear in the fetal blood [35], it is conceivable that it can reach the fetal brain. Several reports indicate that disruption of VEGF/PLGF balance during pregnancy could be pathogenic [8, 15].…”

Angiogenic capacity in pre-eclampsia and uncomplicated pregnancy estimated by assay of angiogenic proteins and an in vitro vasculogenesis/angiogenesis test

“…The results of studies on pro-angiogenic proteins in umbilical blood after pre-eclampsia and unaffected pregnancies are inconsistent [6,25]. In a recent study it was observed that median PlGF levels were lower in umbilical blood after pre-eclamptic pregnancy when compared with gestational age-matched controls [26], whereas Staff et al reported the same finding as ourselves, that in the majority of samples levels of PlGF were below the lowest concentration standard of the immunoassay kit [6]. In the study by Sezer et al it was found that there were no differences in sFlt-1 levels between a pre-eclampsia group and a control group as regards umbilical blood [26], as we reported, but there are also studies indicating that sFlt-1 concentrations are higher in umbilical blood after pre-eclampsia than after unaffected pregnancies [6].…”

Application of iTRAQ proteomics in identification of the differentially expressed proteins of placenta of pregnancy with preeclampsia

“…In the early stage of pregnancy, it can promote the growth of placenta, maintain, and guarantee pregnancy. 11 Altogether, hCG level may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE, but the mechanism behind the association is unclear. 10 Previous studies show that maternal serum hCG level of pregnancy with PE is significantly higher than that of the normal pregnancy.…”