Low-velocity impact damage accumulation in woven S2-glass composite systems

X-ray microtomography analysis of the damage micromechanisms in 3D woven composites under low-velocity impact

“…These damage mechanisms are rather different from those reported in 2D woven composites [9,15,[21][22][23]. To illustrate these differences, various cross-sections of the 2D_S2 laminate impacted with 240 J are shown in Fig.…”

“…However, delamination damage -as in 2D composites -also occurred at high strain rates or high penetration depths. Baucom and Zikry [8,9] explored the behavior under impact of glass fiber 2D and 3D composites with optical and scanning electron microscopy, which allowed a better insight of the damage micromechanisms. They concluded that the larger energy absorption of the 3D composites was due to the following mechanisms activated by the z-yarns: extensive straining of the z-yarns, z-yarn fracture and surface weft tows pulled through unbroken crimp of the z-yarns.…”

Effect of repeated impacts on the response of plain-woven hybrid composites

“…They reported that no significant differences existed in the force, energy curves and damage parameter for tests, in which no perforation happened. Baucom et al [9,10] examined the damage progression and the absorption and dissipation of energy in 2D and 3D woven E-and S2-glass composites subjected to repeated impact up to the moment of complete perforation. It was reported that the 3D systems survived more strikes before perforating; thus absorbing more impact energy than the 2D laminates.…”

Solid three-dimensional woven textiles

“…Gama et al (2005) studied ballistic performance of S-2 glass 3DNCOW composites. Baucom et al (2006) investigated low-velocity impact damage of S-2 glass 3DNCOW composites.…”