Low-Temperature, Solution-Based Synthesis of Luminescent Chalcogenide Perovskite BaZrS₃ Nanoparticles

Abstract

Chalcogenide perovskites constitute a promising earth-abundant, non-toxic, and robust semiconductor family with the potential to compete with hybrid perovskites as high-quality photovoltaic absorbers. However, a low-temperature, solution-based synthesis route has eluded researchers in this area. Here we report the colloidal synthesis of chalcogenide perovskite BaZrS 3 nanoparticles at 330 °C in organic solvent. The nanoparticles (10−20 nm) are found to be comprised of smaller (3−5 nm) crystalline domains. Promising optoelectronic properties for the nanoparticles are measured, with photoluminescence decay times as high as 4.7 ns.

Understanding the growth mechanism of BaZrS3 chalcogenide perovskite thin films from sulfurized oxide precursors

“…Encouraging optoelectronic properties have been demonstrated experimentally, including an extraordinarily high absorption coefficient [5,6], high luminescence efficiency [7][8][9][10], relatively large charge carrier mobilities [11], and the capability of being chemically doped to become both, n and p-type semiconductors [7]. These materials are predicted to be 'defect tolerant' by ab-initio calculations: detrimental defects with energy levels in the middle of the bandgap have high formation energies, thus being unlikely to exist in high concentrations in the material [6].…”

Computational study of the fundamental properties of Zr-based chalcogenide perovskites for optoelectronics

“…Recently, a solution-based synthesis route has been developed for BaZrS 3 at low temperatures (B300-600 1C). [40][41][42] Moreover, this approach was also extended to other chalcogenides, such as BaTiS 3 and BaHfS 3 . 40 This is a crucial step for applications of chalcogenide perovskites in optoelectronic devices.…”

Liquid Flux–Assisted Mechanism for Modest Temperature Synthesis of Large‐Grain BaZrS3 and BaHfS3 Chalcogenide Perovskites

“…[14,15] Nanoparticles of BaZrS 3 have also been synthesized at temperatures less than 350 °C, providing evidence that these materials can be solution-processed. [16,17] But it remains to be seen if these nanoparticles can be processed into large-grain thin films. Our group recently developed a direct-tofilm solution-processed route for BaMS 3 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf ) materials that utilizes heat treatment in a sulfur-containing atmosphere at modest temperatures from 500 to 575 °C.…”