Low temperature operation and influence parameters on the cold start ability of portable PEMFCs

Oszcipok, M.; Zedda, Mario; Riemann, D.; Geckeler, D.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.10.035

Cited by 112 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[50][51][52] The water holding capacity is defined in this article by the amount of water that can be produced during operation before cell reversal is observed. Since the produced water can freeze into ice, leading to degradation modes such as delamination (film/heave) losses, damage from regular freeze expansion of the ice, and potentially from the extremely rapid freezing of super-cooled water shown to exist, all of which contribute to voltage degradation, it is also referred to as ice (or freeze) tolerance.…”

Section: F1318mentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Operated at Subfreezing Temperatures

Macauley

Lujan

Spernjak

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The structure, composition, and interfaces of membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) and gas-diffusion layers (GDLs) have a significant effect on the performance of single-proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells operated isothermally at subfreezing temperatures. During isothermal constant-current operation at subfreezing temperatures, water forming at the cathode initially hydrates the membrane, then forms ice in the catalyst layer and/or GDL. This ice formation results in a gradual decay in voltage. High-frequency resistance initially decreases due to an increase in membrane water content and then increases over time as the contact resistance increases. The water/ice holding capacity of a fuel cell decreases with decreasing subfreezing temperature (−10 • C vs. −20 • C vs. −30 • C) and increasing current density (0.02 A cm −2 vs. 0.04 A cm −2 ). Ice formation monitored using in-situ highresolution neutron radiography indicated that the ice was concentrated near the cathode catalyst layer at low operating temperatures (≈−20 • C) and high current densities (0.04 A cm −2 ). Significant ice formation was also observed in the GDLs at higher subfreezing temperatures (≈−10 • C) and lower current densities (0.02 A cm −2 ). These results are in good agreement with the long-term durability observations that show more severe degradation at lower temperatures (−20 • C and −30 • C).

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Section: F1318mentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Operated at Subfreezing Temperatures

Macauley

Lujan

Spernjak

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Fundamental mechanisms about the effects of MEA structure and materials on freeze-start are not fully understood. Oszcipok et al investigated the basic cold start behaviour of a portable single cell during isothermal potential static cold start experiments [1,2]. They postulated that water freezes in the porous structures of the catalyst layer, microporous layer and the GDL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice formation and distribution in the catalyst layer during freeze-start process – CRYO-SEM investigation

Lee

Roberts

2008

Electrochimica Acta

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“…They found out an optimal purge duration and noted a cell high frequency resistance (HFR) relaxation due to water redistribution in the MEA after the purge. Oszcipok et al [4][5][6] studied the cold start of single cells and six-cell stack for portable application. The experiments on single cells were potentiostatic and isothermal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies on the Influence of Operational Parameters on the Cold Start of a 2 kW Fuel Cell

Bégot¹,

Harel²,

Kauffmann³

2008

Fuel Cells

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In this paper, experimental investigations on the influence of operational parameters on PEM fuel cell cold start are presented. The effect of current density, stack impedance at 1 kHz prior to start, as well as gas flow rate, gas pressure, coolant flow rate and surrounding subfreezing temperature are studied. The experimental apparatus is briefly described. It includes a main unit at room temperature and a smaller separate unit in a climatic chamber. Low current density, high impedance prior to start, moderate subfreezing temperature (–5 °C), high gas flow rate, low gas pressure and low coolant flow rate are found to have a positive impact on the cold start performance. Combining these parameters, self start‐up of the fuel cell without additional energy is achieved at –5 °C in 30 min. The whole set of observations leads to the following hypotheses on freeze mechanism: in the first phase, dry membranes and low current lead to a transient phase of membrane humidification. Then, in the second phase, ice clogging of the active layers occurs. In the third phase, a variable quantity of the produced water reaches the gas diffusion layers and channels.

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Low temperature operation and influence parameters on the cold start ability of portable PEMFCs

Cited by 112 publications

References 2 publications

Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Operated at Subfreezing Temperatures

Durability of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells Operated at Subfreezing Temperatures

Ice formation and distribution in the catalyst layer during freeze-start process – CRYO-SEM investigation

Experimental Studies on the Influence of Operational Parameters on the Cold Start of a 2 kW Fuel Cell

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