Low temperature interactions between hydrocarbons and nitric oxide: An experimental study

Alzueta, María U.; Glarborg, Peter; Dam‐Johansen, Kim

doi:10.1016/s0010-2180(96)00146-0

Cited by 116 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Under fuel-rich conditions, NO could be decreased by reburn reactions by reacting with hydrocarbon radicals produced during the oxidation of DME and C 2 H 2 [20,[33][34][35]. Under fuel-lean conditions, NO may favor the oxidation of the C 2 H 2 -DME mixture in a mutually sensitized oxidation process, similar to what has been observed for other compounds such as methane [36], ethanol and methanol [37].…”

Section: H 2 -Dme Mixtures Oxidation In the Presence Of Nosupporting

confidence: 54%

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Influence of dimethyl ether addition on the oxidation of acetylene in the absence and presence of NO

Marrodán

Berdusán

Aranda

et al. 2016

Fuel

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The use of oxygenated compounds as additives to diesel fuels is considered nowadays as a promising alternative for minimizing soot emissions and maybe also NO x under appropriate conditions [1,2]. Classical oxygenated compounds include alcohols and ethers, and among them, ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH) and dimethyl ether (CH 3 OCH 3 , DME) are two of the most popular candidates to be used as additives. The use of ethanol has been extensively studied in the last years and it is already being used in reformulated gasolines, like E85 (85% ethanol and 15% gasoline) [3]. Similarly, DME has received considerable attention because of its high cetane number, vaporization characteristics, low toxicity, and low tendency to produce smoke and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [4]. Additionally, DME can be produced from renewable materials [5,6].Ethanol and DME have the same molecular formula (C 2 H 6 O) but different structure and functional group, and, as it has been discussed in several previous works (e.g. [7,8]), the oxygen content and the specific structure of the oxygenated compound strongly influence the capacity for pollutant emission minimization. Song et al. [9] concluded that, under the conditions of their modeling study, both DME and ethanol were effective in reducing aromatic species (important soot precursors). However, DME exhibited a greater effectiveness due to its higher enthalpy of formation, which led to a higher final flame temperature and consequently to a decrease in aromatic species production in premixed flames [10], but also because of its structure. For fuel-rich conditions, the reaction flux analysis conducted by these authors [9] determined that reactions involving DME convert only approximately 15% of its carbon to C 2 -species (key species in the production of aromatic species), whereas reactions of ethanol convert approximately 35% of its carbon to C 2 -species. AbstractDimethyl ether (DME) is a promising diesel fuel additive for reducing soot and NO x emissions, because of its interesting properties and the possibility of a renewable production. An experimental and modeling study of the oxidation of acetylene (C 2 H 2 , considered as an important soot precursor) and DME mixtures has been performed under well-controlled flow reactor conditions. The influence of temperature, air excess ratio (λ) and presence of NO on the oxidation process has been analyzed. Under fuel-rich conditions, the presence of DME in these mixtures modifies the radical pool delaying the acetylene consumption. C 2 H 2 and DME, and the radicals generated in their conversion, interact with NO achieving different levels of NO concentration diminution depending upon the operating conditions. Under fuel-lean conditions, the presence of DME in the mixtures increases the NO diminution, whereas for the other values of λ considered, the maximum NO decrease reached is lower than that obtained in the case of pure acetylene.

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Section: H 2 -Dme Mixtures Oxidation In the Presence Of Nosupporting

confidence: 54%

“…N 2 is used to balance, to obtain a total flow rate of 1000 mL(STP)/min. The injection system has been configured following the investigations of Alzueta et al [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of dimethyl ether addition on the oxidation of acetylene in the absence and presence of NO

Marrodán

Berdusán

Aranda

et al. 2016

Fuel

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“…net,X eff,X coll,avg,X eff,X g X X gs X (6) with γ eff,X representing the apparent or measurable or effective uptake coefficient (or reaction probability), important in experimental analyses and modeling studies. The relationships between γ X and γ eff,X and related quantities can be efficiently expressed by a gas-phase diffusion correction factor C g,X , as previously introduced for gas uptake by spherical particles: 46…”

Section: ■ Concept and Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radial Diffusion and Penetration of Gas Molecules and Aerosol Particles through Laminar Flow Reactors, Denuders, and Sampling Tubes

2015

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Flow reactors, denuders, and sampling tubes are essential tools for many applications in analytical and physical chemistry and engineering. We derive a new method for determining radial diffusion effects and the penetration or transmission of gas molecules and aerosol particles through cylindrical tubes under laminar flow conditions using explicit 1974, 29, 1731−1738), the new approximation developed in this study (known as the KPS method) does not require interpolation or numerical techniques. The KPS method agrees well with the CKD method under all experimental conditions and also with the Brown method at low Sherwood numbers. At high Sherwood numbers corresponding to high uptake on the wall, flow entry effects become relevant and are considered in the KPS and CKD methods but not in the Brown method. The practical applicability of the KPS method is demonstrated by analysis of measurement data from experimental studies of rapid OH, intermediate NO 3 , and slow O 3 uptake on various organic substrates. The KPS method also allows determination of the penetration of aerosol particles through a tube, using a single equation to cover both the limiting cases of high and low deposition described by Gormley and Kennedy (Proc. R. Ir. Acad., Sect. A. 1949, 52A, 163−169). We demonstrate that the treatment of gas and particle diffusion converges in the KPS method, thus facilitating prediction of diffusional loss and penetration of gases and particles, analysis of chemical kinetics data, and design of fluid reactors, denuders, and sampling lines.

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“…WTR demonstrates a previously overlooked source of energy for coal fired power plants. WTR is an ideal source of hydrocarbon radicals possessing a low nitrogen content, low chlorine content, and a high calorific value of approximately 38 MJ/kg (Gross) [10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of ash behaviour and the potential fate of ZnO/Zn in the Co-combustion of pulverised South African coal and waste tyre rubber

Singh

Nimmo

Williams

2013

Fuel

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A Novel combustion application utilising waste tyre rubber (WTR) as a secondary fuel in pulverised coal power plants is presented. Co-combustion of a South African coal (SAf) with WTR at the fuel fractions (FF) 4.1%, 14.1% and 19.7% along with the pure firing of WTR was conducted in an 80 kWth combustion test facility (CTF). This study assessed the potential slagging and fouling behaviour of the resultant ashes produced from co-firing SAf/WTR and pure fired WTR. XRF and ICP/OES analysis of the co-fired SAf/WTR and pure fired WTR ashes revealed a high composition of acidic oxides. Based on the fusibility indices (B/A, RS, SR, F and Fu) it was determined that co-fired SAf/WTR and pure fired WTR ashes carry a low risk of slagging and fouling. ZnO is incorporated in the manufacturing of tyres as a compounding additive. ZnO is present within raw WTR, posing the question as to its fate during combustion. In this study ash collected and analysed from the pure fired WTR and co-fired SAf/WTR exhibited lower levels of Zn than anticipated. It is suggested that ZnO remains in the vapour phase within the CTF at temperatures >1200 o C. Experimental analysis found Zn enrichment at lower temperatures was not significant within the fly ash collected by the cyclone trap or ash deposits collected from the water cooled sections of the CTF. This suggests that Zn could be forming a submicron aerosol. It is further noted that ZnO/Zn is not likely to contribute significantly in the slagging/fouling mechanisms, due to its volatile nature. However this present study highlights the need for further experimental assessment of co-firing SAf/WTR required prior to any industrial application.

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Low temperature interactions between hydrocarbons and nitric oxide: An experimental study

Cited by 116 publications

References 15 publications

Influence of dimethyl ether addition on the oxidation of acetylene in the absence and presence of NO

Influence of dimethyl ether addition on the oxidation of acetylene in the absence and presence of NO

Radial Diffusion and Penetration of Gas Molecules and Aerosol Particles through Laminar Flow Reactors, Denuders, and Sampling Tubes

An experimental study of ash behaviour and the potential fate of ZnO/Zn in the Co-combustion of pulverised South African coal and waste tyre rubber

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