Low-temperature biochars from cork-rich and phloem-rich wastes: fuel, leaching, and methylene blue adsorption properties

Şen, Ali; Nobre, Catarina; Durão, Luís; Miranda, Isabel; Pereira, Helena; Gonçalves, Margarida

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-00949-x

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Activated carbons were produced from the previously produced phloem biochars at 400 • C and 600 • C via steam activation. The biochars were ground down to 180 µm and water-soaked for 1 h (phloem to water mass ratio 1:2 for biochar and deionized water, respectively) and activated under oxygen-lean conditions at 900 • C and 7 min reaction time [18].…”

Section: Steam Activation Of Phloem Biocharsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tube was shaken for 3 s (Heidolph REAX top shaker) and the mixture was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min (Hettich EBA 20) before the adsorption tests for instant (5 min), 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 168 h adsorption time. The methylene blue concentration of the dye in the solution was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry (Pharmacia LKB-Novaspec II) at 664 nm [18].…”

Section: Methylene Blue Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Q. cerris phloem and cork fractions have been analyzed previously to determine chemical composition, anatomical features, and thermochemical degradation [16,17]. Biochars were produced from Q. cerris cork and phloem under low-temperature slow pyrolysis/torrefaction conditions (200-350 • C), which showed lignite-like properties, and were considered suitable for soil amendment or adsorbent materials after steam activation [18]. The use of medium or moderate temperatures (400-600 • C) in slow pyrolysis of phloem fractions is still unknown, and it is expected that the phloem properties will affect the biochar production regarding yield, biochar properties, and process efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Waste Phloem Fraction of Quercus cerris Bark in Biochar Production

et al. 2023

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Quercus cerris phloem is a lignocellulosic waste fraction obtained from bark fractionation. Biochars are technologically interesting functional materials that may be produced from lignocellulosic solid materials. This study explores the solid material properties of Quercus cerris phloem, evaluates biochar production from it, and explores its application as an adsorbent. In the first part of the study, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM microscopy observations, FT-IR spectroscopy, and ICP-AES analyses were performed on raw Quercus cerris phloem. In the second part of the study, biochars and activated carbons were produced and their structure, surface functional groups, methylene blue adsorption properties, and specific surface areas were determined. The results showed that Quercus cerris phloem is a lignocellulosic solid material that decomposes in a wide temperature range between 265 and 765 °C. The activation energy of phloem pyrolysis ranged between 82 and 172 kJ mol−1 in pyrolysis. The mineral composition is mainly calcium (88%) and potassium (4%). The biochar yield of Quercus cerris phloem ranged between 28% and 42% at different moderate temperature–time combinations. Raw phloem, phloem biochars, and phloem-activated carbons show high methylene blue removal efficiencies. Methylene blue adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics. The BET surface areas of Quercus cerris phloem-activated carbons varied between 262.1 m2 g−1 and 317.5 m2 g−1.

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Section: Steam Activation Of Phloem Biocharsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methylene Blue Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential of Waste Phloem Fraction of Quercus cerris Bark in Biochar Production

et al. 2023

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“…Ultimate analysis of bark indicates that C, H, and O contents of softwoods and softwood barks were similar (C contents greater than 50% and O contents were approximately 40%) while hardwood barks contained higher amounts of C and lower amounts of O than hardwoods (C contents lower than 50% and O contents greater than 40%) [222,223]. Interestingly, cork-rich barks contained the highest amount of C and lowest amount of O among woods and barks (C contents as high as 61% and O contents as low as 30%), possibly due to the fact of their lower amount of polysaccharide contents [224,225]. Softwoods generally contain a higher amount of C and lower amount of O than hardwoods, but no statistical correlation was reported between hardwoods and softwoods indicating the heterogeneity of the elemental analysis results [226].…”

Section: Tree Barks and Other Lignocellulosic Materials: Chemical Difmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications

Şen

Pereira

2021

Processes

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In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in char production from lignocellulosic biomass due to the fact of char’s interesting technological properties. Global char production in 2019 reached 53.6 million tons. Barks are among the most important and understudied lignocellulosic feedstocks that have a large potential for exploitation, given bark global production which is estimated to be as high as 400 million cubic meters per year. Chars can be produced from barks; however, in order to obtain the desired char yields and for simulation of the pyrolysis process, it is important to understand the differences between barks and woods and other lignocellulosic materials in addition to selecting a proper thermochemical method for bark-based char production. In this state-of-the-art review, after analyzing the main char production methods, barks were characterized for their chemical composition and compared with other important lignocellulosic materials. Following these steps, previous bark-based char production studies were analyzed, and different barks and process types were evaluated for the first time to guide future char production process designs based on bark feedstock. The dry and wet pyrolysis and gasification results of barks revealed that application of different particle sizes, heating rates, and solid residence times resulted in highly variable char yields between the temperature range of 220 °C and 600 °C. Bark-based char production should be primarily performed via a slow pyrolysis route, considering the superior surface properties of slow pyrolysis chars.

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“…The torrefaction tests were performed on a glass reactor placed in a gas chromatography furnace (Thermo Finnigan Trace GC with FID), under oxygen-limited conditions, as described by Şen et al [41]. For each experiment, selected masses of dry algal biomass, lignocellulosic material, and added water were introduced in the reactor in order to achieve the values of Lc incorporation rate and feed moisture defined in the experimental design, as shown in Table S1 (Supplementary Materials).…”

Section: Torrefaction Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology

Viegas

Nobre²,

Correia

et al. 2021

Energies

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Co-torrefaction of microalgae and lignocellulosic biomass was evaluated as a method to process microalgae sludge produced from various effluents and to obtain biochars with suitable properties for energy or material valorization. The influence of four independent variables on biochar yield and properties was evaluated by a set of experiments defined by response surface methodology (RSM). The biochars were characterized for proximate and ultimate composition, HHV, and methylene blue adsorption capacity. HHV of the biochars was positively correlated with carbonization temperature, residence time, and lignocellulosic biomass content in the feed. Co-torrefaction conditions that led to a higher yield of biochar (76.5%) with good calorific value (17.4 MJ Kg−1) were 250 °C, 60 min of residence time, 5% feed moisture, and 50% lignocellulosic biomass. The energy efficiency of the process was higher for lower temperatures (92.6%) but decreased abruptly with the increase of the moisture content of the feed mixture (16.9 to 57.3% for 70% moisture). Biochars produced using algal biomass grown in contaminated effluents presented high ash content and low calorific value. Dye removal efficiency by the produced biochars was tested, reaching 95% methylene blue adsorption capacity for the biochars produced with the least severe torrefaction conditions.

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Low-temperature biochars from cork-rich and phloem-rich wastes: fuel, leaching, and methylene blue adsorption properties

Cited by 16 publications

References 42 publications

The Potential of Waste Phloem Fraction of Quercus cerris Bark in Biochar Production

The Potential of Waste Phloem Fraction of Quercus cerris Bark in Biochar Production

State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications

Optimization of Biochar Production by Co-Torrefaction of Microalgae and Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Response Surface Methodology

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