Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1, Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population

Levine, Morgan E.; Suárez, Jorge; Brandhorst, Sebastian; Balasubramanian, Priya; Cheng, Chia-Wei; Madia, Federica; Fontana, Luigi; Mirisola, Mario G.; Guevara‐Aguirre, Jaime; Wan, Junxiang; Passarino, Giuseppe; Kennedy, Brian K.; Wei, Min; Cohen, Pinchas; Crimmins, Eileen M.; Longo, Valter D.

doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.02.006

Cited by 749 publications

(723 citation statements)

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“…However, it is still unclear whether the effects of dietary manipulation persist in very old organisms. An observational study in humans has shown that low protein intake during middle age (50–65 years) is associated with major reductions in cancer prevalence and overall mortality, while higher protein intake is associated with the opposite outcomes in populations over 65 years (Levine et al., 2014). These results indicate that dietary regimens do not affect healthy lifespan in the same way throughout life, and therefore, the diet should be modified according to age to maximize healthy lifespan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of dietary amino acid balance in diet restriction‐mediated lifespan extension, renoprotection, and muscle weakness in aged mice

et al. 2018

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SummaryExtending healthy lifespan is an emerging issue in an aging society. This study was designed to identify a dietary method of extending lifespan, promoting renoprotection, and preventing muscle weakness in aged mice, with a focus on the importance of the balance between dietary essential (EAAs) and nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) on the dietary restriction (DR)‐induced antiaging effect. Groups of aged mice were fed ad libitum, a simple DR, or a DR with recovering NEAAs or EAAs. Simple DR significantly extended lifespan and ameliorated age‐related kidney injury; however, the beneficial effects of DR were canceled by recovering dietary EAA but not NEAA. Simple DR prevented the age‐dependent decrease in slow‐twitch muscle fiber function but reduced absolute fast‐twitch muscle fiber function. DR‐induced fast‐twitch muscle fiber dysfunction was improved by recovering either dietary NEAAs or EAAs. In the ad libitum‐fed and the DR plus EAA groups, the renal content of methionine, an EAA, was significantly higher, accompanied by lower renal production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous antioxidant. Finally, removal of methionine from the dietary EAA supplement diminished the adverse effects of dietary EAA on lifespan and kidney injury in the diet‐restricted aged mice, which were accompanied by a recovery in H2S production capacity and lower oxidative stress. These data imply that a dietary approach could combat kidney aging and prolong lifespan, while preventing muscle weakness, and suggest that renal methionine metabolism and the trans‐sulfuration pathway could be therapeutic targets for preventing kidney aging and subsequently promoting healthy aging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of dietary amino acid balance in diet restriction‐mediated lifespan extension, renoprotection, and muscle weakness in aged mice

et al. 2018

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“…It seems unlikely, however, that IGF-I's impact on the vasculature played an important role in the lower mortality associated with higher protein intakes among the elderly in the NHANES III analysis, as, among those over 65, plasma IGF-I levels did not differ significantly as a function of protein intake (Levine et al 2014). However, IGF-I did moderate the association between protein intake and cardiovascular risk-for those over 65, a higher protein intake predicted reduced cardiovascular risk only in those whose IGF-I levels were relatively low.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…Hence, greater cysteine availability may explain much of the favorable impact of higher protein intakes on mortality and frailty risk in the elderly, and joint supplementation with NAC and lipoic acid could be notably protective in the elderly, particularly in those who follow plant-based diets relatively low in protein. It is less clear whether the A recent analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III prospective cohort study, focusing on the association between protein intake at baseline and subsequent health outcomes in subjects over 50, found that a relatively low protein intake (under 10 % of calories) in subjects between 50 and 65 correlated with lower overall mortality, including decreased mortality from cancer and diabetes (Levine et al 2014). In contrast, among subjects over 65 at baseline, such a low protein intake was associated with increased risk for overall and cancer-linked mortality.…”

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confidence: 99%

An increased need for dietary cysteine in support of glutathione synthesis may underlie the increased risk for mortality associated with low protein intake in the elderly

McCarty

DiNicolantonio

2015

AGE

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Restricted dietary intakes of protein or essential amino acids tend to slow aging and boost lifespan in rodents, presumably because they downregulate IGF-I/ Akt/mTORC1 signaling that acts as a pacesetter for aging and promotes cancer induction. A recent analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III cohort has revealed that relatively low protein intakes in mid-life (under 10 % of calories) are indeed associated with decreased subsequent risk for mortality. However, in those over 65 at baseline, such low protein intakes were associated with increased risk for mortality. This finding accords well with other epidemiology correlating relatively high protein intakes with lower risk for loss of lean mass and bone density in the elderly.

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“…Barnard (1991) found that patients who switched to a mostly vegetable diet (one cold cut of meat per day was allowed) were able to lower their insulin medications by an average of 40% (Type I diabetes patients) or were completely able to discontinue their insulin medication (Type II patients). More recently, researchers have shown that diets high in protein (mainly from animal sources) increase middleaged individuals' risk of cancer to four times that of individuals who consume low amounts of protein from animal sources (Levine et al, 2014). From these results one would conclude that there are externalities imposed upon society by the production of meat and dairy products in the sense that consumers are provided potentially unhealthy products that contribute to the perpetuation of heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases of affluence.…”

Section: Stated Thatmentioning

confidence: 79%

The Cost of Affluence: a Closer Look at the Food Industry

Brown

Houmanfar

2015

Behav. Soc. Iss.

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There is often much confusion among consumers in the U.S. as to which food products are healthy for humans and which products are not. One reason why this occurs may be seen in the disconnect among results of various scientific research studies. A prominent example involves one set of research results that indicate that meat and dairy products are healthy for humans to consume (Biesalski, 2005;Pereira & Vincente, 2013), while results from other research indicate that animal-based foods are detrimental to human development and can lead to health issues (Campbell & Campbell, 2006;Esselstyn, 2001). This paper aims to define and identify some externalities/internalities that exist within the food industry as well as utilize a behavioral systems approach, including an analysis of the relevant meta and macrocontingencies and the interlocked relationship formed between the two. Additionally, the three processes of selection within the metacontingency (leadership practices, aggregate product by consumers, and group rules) are addressed as they relate specifically to the food industry in hopes of offering potential solutions for change initiatives at each level. Various strategies for changing the current practices surrounding the production and consumption of potentially harmful food products are also addressed, with a focus on the altering of leadership practices and changes in consumer behavior. By utilizing what we know about organizational practices and how to better those practices through incentives (i.e., tax breaks, cooperatives), we can hope to see healthier options for food available to all U.S. consumers.

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Low Protein Intake Is Associated with a Major Reduction in IGF-1, Cancer, and Overall Mortality in the 65 and Younger but Not Older Population

Cited by 749 publications

References 79 publications

Role of dietary amino acid balance in diet restriction‐mediated lifespan extension, renoprotection, and muscle weakness in aged mice

Role of dietary amino acid balance in diet restriction‐mediated lifespan extension, renoprotection, and muscle weakness in aged mice

An increased need for dietary cysteine in support of glutathione synthesis may underlie the increased risk for mortality associated with low protein intake in the elderly

The Cost of Affluence: a Closer Look at the Food Industry

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