Low-Power Circuits for Brain–Machine Interfaces

Abstract

Abstract-This paper presents work on ultra-low-power circuits for brain-machine interfaces with applications for paralysis prosthetics, stroke, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, prosthetics for the blind, and experimental neuroscience systems. The circuits include a micropower neural amplifier with adaptive power biasing for use in multi-electrode arrays; an analog linear decoding and learning architecture for data compression; low-power radio-frequency (RF) impedance-modulation circuits for data telemetry that minimize power consumption of implanted systems in the body; a wireless link for efficient power transfer; mixed-signal system integration for efficiency, robustness, and programmability; and circuits for wireless stimulation of neurons with power-conserving sleep modes and awake modes. Experimental results from chips that have stimulated and recorded from neurons in the zebra finch brain and results from RF power-link, RF data-link, electrode-recording and electrode-stimulating systems are presented. Simulations of analog learning circuits that have successfully decoded prerecorded neural signals from a monkey brain are also presented.

Design Considerations of Low‐Power Digital Integrated Systems for Implantable Medical Applications

“…The amplifi er is the key module of this type of driver. Low -power neural amplifi ers are extremely important in recording brain -machine interfaces (BMIs) since one such amplifi er is needed for each microelectrode [31] . Three challenges exist in amplifi er design:…”

Neural recording system with low-noise analog front-end and comparator-based cyclic ADC

“…In the past decade, neuroscientists and clinicians have researched to observe the behavior of biopotentials, and the demand for low-noise lowpower neural recording system has grown dramatically [1], [2]. An implantable neural recording system may provide an effective way for the development of practical brain-machineinterface (BMI) systems or epileptic seizure detection [3], [4].…”

Circuits techniques and microsystems assembly for intracortical multichannel ENG recording

“…Adaptive biasing schemes [6] and high-efficiency circuit design approaches [1,7,8] are used as well to save power in analog building blocks. Likewise, several system-level approaches are employed for such purpose.…”