Low Molecular Weight Apolipoprotein(a) Phenotype Rather Than Lipoprotein(a) Is Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background and AimsCurrent evidence suggests that lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] level above 50 mg/dL is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Our study aim was to determine the relationship of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] phenotypes and Lp(a) concentration below and above 50 mg/dL with coronary atherosclerosis severity and myocardial infarction (MI).Material and MethodsThe study population consisted of 540 patients (mean age 54.0 ± 8.8 years, 82% men) who passed through coronary angiography. The number of diseased major coronary arteries assessed atherosclerosis severity. Lipids, glucose, Lp(a) levels and apo(a) phenotypes were determined in all patients. All patients were divided into four groups: with Lp(a) <50 mg/dL [ “normal” Lp(a)] or ≥50 mg/dL [hyperLp(a)], and with low-molecular (LMW) or high-molecular weight (HMW) apo(a) phenotypes.ResultsBaseline clinical and biochemical characteristics were similar between the groups. In groups with LMW apo(a) phenotypes, the odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval) of multivessel disease was higher [10.1; 3.1–33.5, p < 0.005 for hyperLp(a) and 2.2; 1.0–4.9, p = 0.056 for normal Lp(a)], but not in the group with HMW apo(a) and hyperLp(a) [1.1; 0.3–3.3, p = 0.92] compared with the reference group with HMW apo(a) and normal Lp(a). Similarly, MI was observed more often in patients with LMW apo(a) phenotype and hyperLp(a) and normal Lp(a) than in groups with HMW apo(a) phenotype.ConclusionThe LMW apo(a) phenotype is associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and MI even when Lp(a) level is below 50 mg/dL. The combination of Lp(a) level above 50 mg/dL and LMW apo(a) phenotype increases the risk of severe coronary atherosclerosis, regardless of other risk factors.

Lipoprotein(a) and Low-Molecular-Weight Apo(a) Phenotype as Determinants of New Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Premature Coronary Heart Disease

“…This is mainly due to the variations in the method for determining Lp(a), the difference in the methods used for phenotyping apo(a), and the patient groups. We have previously shown that the low-molecular-weight (LMW) apo(a) phenotype is associated with severe coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with Lp(a) levels above 50 mg/dL, especially in those younger than 50 years [ 3 ]. The significance of LMW apo(a) as a risk factor for MI could not be determined retrospectively.…”