Low molecular proanthocyanidin dietary biofactor Oligonol: Its modulation of oxidative stress, bioefficacy, neuroprotection, food application and chemoprevention potentials

Abstract

Interdisciplinary research endeavors are directed at understanding the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative and chronic diseases that affect human lifestyle. Hence the potential for developing medicinal herb-derived and food plant-derived prophylactic agents directed at neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular and psychiatric disorders abounds. Oligonol is a novel technology product emanating from the oligomerization of polyphenols, typically proanthocyanidin from a variety of fruits (grapes, apples, persimmons etc.) that has optimized bioavailability. It is an optimized phenolic product containing catechin-type monomers and oligomeric proanthocyanidins, the easily absorbed forms. Typically the constituents of Oligonol are 15-20% monomers, 8-12% dimers and 5-10% trimers. Supplementation of mice with Oligonol prior to the administration of ferric-nitrilotriacetic complex (a Fenton chemistry model) significantly reduced the extent of lipid peroxidation in the kidney, brain and liver. Oligonol triggers apoptosis in the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through modulation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins and the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, an observation suggesting its important chemopreventive effects. The senescence-accelerated strain of mice (SAM) are models of senescence acceleration and geriatric disorders which exhibit learning and memory deficits and enhanced production or defective control of oxidative stress leading.

Nature’s assembly line: biosynthesis of simple phenylpropanoids and polyketides

“…These compounds inhibit cancer cell growth and reduce serum cholesterol levels (Stuart et al, 2006). Catechins and epicatechins in cranberry juice and chocolate have anti-oxidant activities, induce apoptosis in cancer cells, inhibit bacterial growth in urinary tract infections, and reduce atherosclerosis (Aruoma et al, 2006). Lastly, grape seed extracts rich in proanthocyanidins are effective antioxidants and may promote cardiac recovery after ischemia (Hwang et al, 2004).…”

Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Diabetes: Embryopathy, Retinopathy, Neuropathy, Nephropathy and Cardiovascular Complications

“…Age-related diseases such as AD, PD, atherosclerosis, type-2 diabetes, sarcopenia, osteoporosis, cognitive decline and frailty are initiated or worsened by systemic inflammation and therefore shorten the survival rate of humans [167,169] . The innate immune response is a rapid and coordinated cascade of reactions by cells of the host to pathogens and insults.…”

“…Catechins and proanthocyanidins can exhibit powerful antioxidant activities [159,165,169] . Catechin and its derivative, epigallocatechin from green tea are known to attenuate ROS-mediated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries in gerbil and the oligomeric proanthocyanidins can strengthen collagen [160] .…”

Renal histoarchitectural changes in nevirapine therapy: possible role of kolaviron and vitamin C in an experimental animal model

“…Drug-induced renal injury contributes up to 25% of all cases of acute renal failure 10 . Recent interest has focused on complementary and alternative medicines for the treatment of various diseases 11 and our previous studies 8,12 support the increasing utilization of plant-based adjuvants for disease management. Many of the biological functions of flavonoids and phenolic compounds have been attributed to their free radical scavenging and anti-oxidant activities 12,13 .…”