Low-Level Lead Exposure and Behavior in Early Childhood

Mendelsohn, Alan L.; Dreyer, Benard P.; Fierman, Arthur H.; Rosen, Carolyn; Legano, Lori A.; Kruger, Hillary A.; Lim, Sylvia W.; Courtlandt, Cheryl

doi:10.1542/peds.101.3.e10

Cited by 107 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Given our rapidly advancing knowledge of early brain development, 14,19,92,93 the differential effects of the physical environment on the developing child, [94][95][96] epigenetics, 94,96 the prevalence of environmental injustice, 96 and the potential effects of climate change on children, [65][66][67][97][98][99][100] it is incumbent on society to consider the environment and environmental justice in the context of child health equity.…”

Section: Environmental Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• asthma and lead poisoning in the context of a child's right to adequate housing and protection from environmental exposures 70,[94][95][96] ;…”

Section: Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…• injury as a right to protection from environmental exposures and the consideration and promotion of the best interests of children when decisions are being made about the built environment 70,[94][95][96]111 ;…”

Section: Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Equity and Children's Rights

2010

Pediatrics

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Many children in the United States fail to reach their full health and developmental potential. Disparities in their health and well-being result from the complex interplay of multiple social and environmental determinants that are not adequately addressed by current standards of pediatric practice or public policy. Integrating the principles and practice of child health equity—children's rights, social justice, human capital investment, and health equity ethics—into pediatrics will address the root causes of child health disparities. Promoting the principles and practice of equity-based clinical care, child advocacy, and child- and family-centered public policy will help to ensure that social and environmental determinants contribute positively to the health and well-being of children. The American Academy of Pediatrics and pediatricians can move the national focus from documenting child health disparities to advancing the principles and practice of child health equity and, in so doing, influence the worldwide practice of pediatrics and child health. All pediatricians, including primary care practitioners and medical and surgical subspecialists, can incorporate these principles into their practice of pediatrics and child health. Integration of these principles into competency-based training and board certification will secure their assimilation into all levels of pediatric practice.

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Section: Environmental Capitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• asthma and lead poisoning in the context of a child's right to adequate housing and protection from environmental exposures 70,[94][95][96] ;…”

Section: Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Equity and Children's Rights

2010

Pediatrics

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“…Many studies focusing on children and heavy metals have been conducted. Lead was mainly investigated in regards to behavior (Mendelsohn et al, 1998) and intellectual impairment (Jusko et al, 2008;Lanphear et al, 2005;Canfield et al, 2003). Compared to studies of lead, research on cadmium in children is lacking (Schoeters et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead and Cadmium Exposure Assessment Using Biomarkers Collected from Children Living in an Industrial Complex Area in Korea

Heo¹,

Lee²

2013

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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Children are particularly vulnerable to adverse health effects associated with heavy metal exposure. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between proximity to an industry complex and blood lead and urinary cadmium levels for children aged 7-13 who lived in Ulsan where a big petrochemical complex is located. We conducted a questionnaire survey to collect data including sociodemographics, daily habits, residential environment, etc. We also analyzed blood lead and urinary cadmium levels using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using regression analysis. All statistical analyses were conducted with SAS software version 9.2. We calculated distance by using a Geographic Information System (ArcGIS version 10.0). The geometric mean blood lead level was 1.55 μg/dL (boys: 1.59 μg/dL, girls: 1.51 μg/dL), and the geometric mean urinary cadmium level was 0.51 μg/g creatinine (boys: 0.45 μg/g creatinine, girls: 0.58 μg/g creatinine). In the results of regression analyses, we found that urinary cadmium levels significantly decreased as distance between residence and industrial complex increased after adjusting for age, gender, income, passive smoking and the length of residence. This result was opposite to that for lead levels. Our observations support the hypothesis that urinary cadmium levels in children are related to their proximity to an industrial complex.

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“…Although some inconsistencies in the literature exist, the overall evidence supports a concern for adverse www.intechopen.com effects of PCBs on children's neurological development. It should be noted that adverse effects on intelligence and behavior have been found in girls who were highly exposed to mixtures of PCBs, chlorinated dibenzofurans, and other pollutants prior to conception (Chen et al 1992;Chen et al 1994 Thomson et al 1989 Lead Cognition in children and very low lead exposure Minder et al 1998;Surkan et al 2007 Lead, smoke verbal memory, ADHD Bleecker et al 2005;Braun et al 2006 Lead Preschool children Bellinger et al 1987;Bellinger et al 1991;Benetou-Marantidou et al 1988;Fergusson et al 1997;Jusko et al 2008;McMichael et al 1988;Mendelsohn et al 1998;Rabinowitz et al 1992;Stokes et al 1998;(Schwartz et al 2000;Ris et al 2004;Shih et al 2006;Schwartz et al 2007;van Wijngaarden et al 2009 ;Mahmoudian et al 2009 …”

Section: Association Between Ecss Exposure With Ldmentioning

confidence: 99%