“Low-intensity laser therapy effect on the recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury”

Abstract

Scientific advances have been made to optimize the healing process in spinal cord injury. Studies have been developed to obtain effective treatments in controlling the secondary injury that occurs after spinal cord injury, which substantially changes the prognosis. Low-intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been applied in neuroscience due to its anti-inflammatory effects on biological tissue in the repairing process. Few studies have been made associating LILT to the spinal cord injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the LILT (GaAlAs laser-780 nm) on the locomotor functional recovery, histomorphometric, and histopathological changes of the spinal cord after moderate traumatic injury in rats (spinal cord injury at T9 and T10). Thirty-one adult Wistar rats were used, which were divided into seven groups: control without surgery (n = 3), control surgery (n = 3), laser 6 h after surgery (n = 5), laser 48 h after surgery (n = 5), medullar lesion (n = 5) without phototherapy, medullar lesion + laser 6 h after surgery (n = 5), and medullar lesion + laser 48 h after surgery (n = 5). The assessment of the motor function was performed using Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale and adapted Sciatic Functional Index (aSFI). The assessment of urinary dysfunction was clinically performed. After 21 days postoperative, the animals were euthanized for histological and histomorphometric analysis of the spinal cord. The results showed faster motor evolution in rats with spinal contusion treated with LILT, maintenance of the effectiveness of the urinary system, and preservation of nerve tissue in the lesion area, with a notorious inflammation control and increased number of nerve cells and connections. In conclusion, positive effects on spinal cord recovery after moderate traumatic spinal cord injury were shown after LILT.

Schisandrin B attenuates the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by traumatic spinal cord injury via inhibition of p53 signaling in adult rats

“…Epidemiological studies on traumatic SCI (TSCI) are regularly conducted worldwide; however, these studies are less common in China (2). The male to female ratio ranges between 2.5:1 and 6:1, and as average life expectancy increases the incidence increases every year in China (3).…”

Low intensity laser therapy on regeneration of nervous tissue after spinal cord injury

“…Avaliou-se o comportamento axonal por microscopia de fluorescência e a recuperação funcional por análise das pegadas (grupo hemissecção) e escala BBB (Basso--Beattie-Bresnahan; grupo contusão). O comprimento avaliados após lesão traumática (T9-T10) em 31 ratos wistar 4 , divididos em 5 grupos: grupo C -grupo controle sem cirurgia (n: 3); grupo CC -grupo controle com cirurgia, mas sem LM (n: 3); grupo ML -grupo LM sem laser (n:5); grupo LA -grupo laser 6h após a cirurgia sem LM (n: 5); grupo LB -grupo laser 48h após a cirurgia sem ML (n: 5); grupo MLA -grupo LM + laser 6h após cirurgia (n: 5); grupo MLB -grupo LM + laser 48h após cirurgia (n: 5). A cirurgia foi uma laminectomia (T8-12) sem lesão do saco dural, a LM foi promovida utilizando a mesma metodologia do estudo acima, após o procedimento a pele foi suturada.…”

“…A TLBI pode promover uma resposta anti-inflamatória por meio de um mecanismo que envolve a inibição de ácido araquidônico, reduzindo assim a expressão da ciclooxigenase (COX-2) e diminuindo a produção de PGE2, além de fatores de modulação ligados ao ácido ribonucléico (mRNA) de citocinas proinflamatórias 4 . Por isso, a TLBI pode atenuar a lesão secundária presente na LM traumática, possibilitando um melhor prognósti-co 7,15,18 .…”

“…Ocorre como consequência da morte de neurônios da medula espinal, com a interrupção da comunicação da rede neural, afetando a condução motora, sensorial e autonômica abaixo do nível da lesão³. Estes déficits são devido a dois eventos distintos: a lesão primária ou inicial que ocorre pelo trauma que comprime os elementos neurais, gerando morte celular independente dos mecanismos celulares; e a lesão secundária ou isquêmica que é provocada por alterações bioquímicas e uma cascata de eventos que envolvem processo inflamatório, citotóxico, degeneração do tecido neural e por fim a necrose tecidual resultando em lesões adicionais ao trauma 4,5 .…”

Photobiomodulation by diffusing optical fiber on spinal cord: A feasibility study in piglet model

“…In recent years, PBM has been broadly applied in therapy for brain injury and other cerebral diseases such as stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, where it has yielded encouraging results . Similarly, research on SCI has revealed that PBM can suppress the activation of immune cells at the site of injury, reduce the expression of proinflammatory factors and chemokines and reduce the incidence of secondary SCI, as well as promote the large‐scale regrowth of nerve fibers at the site of injury and significantly improve the recovery of locomotor function . Previously, we discovered that irradiating SCI sites by percutaneous in rats with near‐infrared light at 810 nm, 150 mW, 1500 J/cm 2 can promote macrophage polarization from the M1 to the M2 phenotype, reduce the immunoinflammatory response, promote the survival of neurons and improve the recovery of locomotor function .…”