Low ignition propensity cigarettes: Smoke analysis for carcinogens and testing for mutagenic activity of the smoke particulate matter

Tobacco Constituents and Additives

“…The reduction of nitrogen oxides in the inhaled smoke lowers the formation of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines [34].…”

Tobacco Constituents and Additives

“…The reduction of nitrogen oxides in the inhaled smoke lowers the formation of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines [34].…”

The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. A Tribute to Ernst L. Wynder

“…Whereas porous cigarette paper causes a significant decrease of volatile toxic agents, it hardly changes the smoke yields of tar, nicotine, BaA, and BaP. Importantly, the significant reduction of nitrogen oxides in the smoke of these cigarettes reduces the formation and, thus, significantly lowers the yields of VNA and TSNA (77)(78)(79).…”

“…Thus, the smoke yields of tar, nicotine, and other particulate components are lowered (15,83,84). Cigarettes with small circumference also have a lower ignition propensity toward inflammable materials than cigarettes that have the ∼25 mm circumference (79). It has been estimated that in 1980 of the almost 5200 U.S. residents who died from fires, about 1200 of these deaths occurred in fires started by cigarettes (85).…”

“…Table compares smoke data from cigarettes with perforated filter tips but regular cigarette paper vs cigarettes with perforated filter tips and highly porous paper, with the tobacco blends in both cigarettes being identical (). Whereas porous cigarette paper causes a significant decrease of volatile toxic agents, it hardly changes the smoke yields of tar, nicotine, BaA, and B a P. Importantly, the significant reduction of nitrogen oxides in the smoke of these cigarettes reduces the formation and, thus, significantly lowers the yields of VNA and TSNA ( − ).…”

The changing cigarette: chemical studies and bioassays

“…Porous cigarette paper causes a significant decrease of CO, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides, volatile aldehydes; yet, it hardly changes the yields of tar, nicotine, benz(a)anthracene (BaA), and BaP. Importantly, the significant reduction of nitrogen oxides in the smoke of these cigarettes reduces the formation and, thus, significantly lowers the yields of volatile and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) (Owens, 1998;Brunnemann et al, 1994).…”

Tobacco Constituents and Additives

“…The reduction of nitrogen oxides in the inhaled smoke lowers the formation of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines [34].…”

The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. A Tribute to Ernst L. Wynder

“…Whereas porous cigarette paper causes a significant decrease of volatile toxic agents, it hardly changes the smoke yields of tar, nicotine, BaA, and BaP. Importantly, the significant reduction of nitrogen oxides in the smoke of these cigarettes reduces the formation and, thus, significantly lowers the yields of VNA and TSNA (77)(78)(79).…”

“…Thus, the smoke yields of tar, nicotine, and other particulate components are lowered (15,83,84). Cigarettes with small circumference also have a lower ignition propensity toward inflammable materials than cigarettes that have the ∼25 mm circumference (79). It has been estimated that in 1980 of the almost 5200 U.S. residents who died from fires, about 1200 of these deaths occurred in fires started by cigarettes (85).…”

“…Table compares smoke data from cigarettes with perforated filter tips but regular cigarette paper vs cigarettes with perforated filter tips and highly porous paper, with the tobacco blends in both cigarettes being identical (). Whereas porous cigarette paper causes a significant decrease of volatile toxic agents, it hardly changes the smoke yields of tar, nicotine, BaA, and B a P. Importantly, the significant reduction of nitrogen oxides in the smoke of these cigarettes reduces the formation and, thus, significantly lowers the yields of VNA and TSNA ( − ).…”

The changing cigarette: chemical studies and bioassays

“…Porous cigarette paper causes a significant decrease of CO, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides, volatile aldehydes; yet, it hardly changes the yields of tar, nicotine, benz(a)anthracene (BaA), and BaP. Importantly, the significant reduction of nitrogen oxides in the smoke of these cigarettes reduces the formation and, thus, significantly lowers the yields of volatile and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) (Owens, 1998;Brunnemann et al, 1994).…”

Tobacco Constituents and Additives

“…The reduction of nitrogen oxides in the inhaled smoke lowers the formation of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines [34].…”

The Less Harmful Cigarette: A Controversial Issue. A Tribute to Ernst L. Wynder

“…Whereas porous cigarette paper causes a significant decrease of volatile toxic agents, it hardly changes the smoke yields of tar, nicotine, BaA, and BaP. Importantly, the significant reduction of nitrogen oxides in the smoke of these cigarettes reduces the formation and, thus, significantly lowers the yields of VNA and TSNA (77)(78)(79).…”

“…Thus, the smoke yields of tar, nicotine, and other particulate components are lowered (15,83,84). Cigarettes with small circumference also have a lower ignition propensity toward inflammable materials than cigarettes that have the ∼25 mm circumference (79). It has been estimated that in 1980 of the almost 5200 U.S. residents who died from fires, about 1200 of these deaths occurred in fires started by cigarettes (85).…”

“…Table compares smoke data from cigarettes with perforated filter tips but regular cigarette paper vs cigarettes with perforated filter tips and highly porous paper, with the tobacco blends in both cigarettes being identical (). Whereas porous cigarette paper causes a significant decrease of volatile toxic agents, it hardly changes the smoke yields of tar, nicotine, BaA, and B a P. Importantly, the significant reduction of nitrogen oxides in the smoke of these cigarettes reduces the formation and, thus, significantly lowers the yields of VNA and TSNA ( − ).…”

The changing cigarette: chemical studies and bioassays

“…Porous cigarette paper causes a significant decrease of CO, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides, volatile aldehydes; yet, it hardly changes the yields of tar, nicotine, benz(a)anthracene (BaA), and BaP. Importantly, the significant reduction of nitrogen oxides in the smoke of these cigarettes reduces the formation and, thus, significantly lowers the yields of volatile and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) (Owens, 1998;Brunnemann et al, 1994).…”