Low dose radiation risks for women surviving the a-bombs in Japan: generalized additive model

Dropkin, Greg

doi:10.1186/s12940-016-0191-3

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Under conditions such as these, the intensity of radiation exposure is low but it persists for years and can impact cancer frequency for decades or generations [85]. …”

Section: Cancer Initiation: Genomic Damage and Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential importance of melatonin in reducing cancer incidence due to its basic action as a radioprotector also has implications for its possible use under circumstances of prolonged low dose radiation exposure [ 82 , 83 ] such as occurred in Europe following the Chernobyl accident or in the event of the detonation of a “radiological dirty bomb” [ 84 ]. Under conditions such as these, the intensity of radiation exposure is low but it persists for years and can impact cancer frequency for decades or generations [ 85 ].…”

Section: Cancer Initiation: Genomic Damage and Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis

Reíter

Rosales-Corral

Tan

et al. 2017

IJMS

373

368

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is highly credible evidence that melatonin mitigates cancer at the initiation, progression and metastasis phases. In many cases, the molecular mechanisms underpinning these inhibitory actions have been proposed. What is rather perplexing, however, is the large number of processes by which melatonin reportedly restrains cancer development and growth. These diverse actions suggest that what is being observed are merely epiphenomena of an underlying more fundamental action of melatonin that remains to be disclosed. Some of the arresting actions of melatonin on cancer are clearly membrane receptor-mediated while others are membrane receptor-independent and involve direct intracellular actions of this ubiquitously-distributed molecule. While the emphasis of melatonin/cancer research has been on the role of the indoleamine in restraining breast cancer, this is changing quickly with many cancer types having been shown to be susceptible to inhibition by melatonin. There are several facets of this research which could have immediate applications at the clinical level. Many studies have shown that melatonin’s co-administration improves the sensitivity of cancers to inhibition by conventional drugs. Even more important are the findings that melatonin renders cancers previously totally resistant to treatment sensitive to these same therapies. Melatonin also inhibits molecular processes associated with metastasis by limiting the entrance of cancer cells into the vascular system and preventing them from establishing secondary growths at distant sites. This is of particular importance since cancer metastasis often significantly contributes to death of the patient. Another area that deserves additional consideration is related to the capacity of melatonin in reducing the toxic consequences of anti-cancer drugs while increasing their efficacy. Although this information has been available for more than a decade, it has not been adequately exploited at the clinical level. Even if the only beneficial actions of melatonin in cancer patients are its ability to attenuate acute and long-term drug toxicity, melatonin should be used to improve the physical wellbeing of the patients. The experimental findings, however, suggest that the advantages of using melatonin as a co-treatment with conventional cancer therapies would far exceed improvements in the wellbeing of the patients.

show abstract

“…Under conditions such as these, the intensity of radiation exposure is low but it persists for years and can impact cancer frequency for decades or generations [85]. …”

Section: Cancer Initiation: Genomic Damage and Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cancer Initiation: Genomic Damage and Instabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis

Reíter

Rosales-Corral

Tan

et al. 2017

IJMS

373

368

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To compensate, a model's fitted likelihood can be penalized by a term related to the number of parameters. A common choice for the likelihood penalty in radiation epidemiology (23,(46)(47)(48)(49), which we adopt here, is based on the AIC criterion (34,50), which in turn has roots in information theory (34). Researchers have other choices, including ''corrected'' AIC, ''consistent'' AIC, and Bayesian Information criterion (50), which may change results depending on sample size (50).…”

Section: Aic Selection Of Best Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

False Indications of Dose-Response Nonlinearity in Large Epidemiologic Cancer Radiation Cohort Studies; A Simulation Exercise

Beyea

Hoffmann

2023

Radiation Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To explore the likely prevalence of false indications of dose-response nonlinearity in large epidemiologic cancer radiation cohort studies (A-bomb survivors, INWORKS, Techa River). Reasons: Increasing numbers of tests of nonlinearity are being made in studies. Hypothesized nonlinear dose-response models have been justified to policy makers by analyses that rely in part on isolated findings that could be statistical fluctuations. After removing dose nonlinearity (linearization) by adjusting person-years of observation at each dose category, indications of nonlinearity, necessarily false, were counted in 5,000 randomized replications of six datasets. 1. The average frequency of any false positive for five indicators of nonlinearity tested against a linear null was roughly 25% in Monte Carlo simulations per study, consistent with binomial calculations, increasing to ∼50% within 6 studies assessed. 2. Comparable frequencies were found using Akaike's information criterion (AIC) for model selection or multi-model averaging. 3. False above-zero threshold doses were found more than 50% of the time, averaging to 0.05 Gy, consistent with findings in the 6 studies. Such bias, uncorrected, could distort meta-analyses of multiple studies, because meta-analyses can incorporate high P value findings. AIC-based correction for the extra threshold parameter lowered these false occurrences to 8 to 19%. Given the simulation rates, the possibility of false positives might be noted when isolated findings of nonlinearity are discussed in a regulatory context. When reporting a threshold dose with a P value > 0.05, it would be informative to note the expected high false prevalence rate due to bias.

show abstract

“…Owing to a low toxicity—even at high doses—and the huge variety of beneficial effects showing, MEL is a potential bioactive compound to be considered as complementary therapy for the treatment of different types of cancer [ 109 ]. The relevance of MEL in reducing the incidence of cancer relies on its radioprotector capacity, as well as its possible use under the situation of prolonged low dose radiation exposure, which could rise the risk of developing cancer [ 110 ].…”

Section: Melatonin and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin in Wine and Beer: Beneficial Effects

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Melatonin is a hormone secreted in the pineal gland with several functions, especially regulation of circadian sleep cycle and the biological processes related to it. This review evaluates the bioavailability of melatonin and resulting metabolites, the presence of melatonin in wine and beer and factors that influence it, and finally the different benefits related to treatment with melatonin. When administered orally, melatonin is mainly absorbed in the rectum and the ileum; it has a half-life of about 0.45–1 h and is extensively inactivated in the liver by phase 2 enzymes. Melatonin (MEL) concentration varies from picograms to ng/mL in fermented beverages such as wine and beer, depending on the fermentation process. These low quantities, within a dietary intake, are enough to reach significant plasma concentrations of melatonin, and are thus able to exert beneficial effects. Melatonin has demonstrated antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory and neuroprotective actions. These benefits are related to its free radical scavenging properties as well and the direct interaction with melatonin receptors, which are involved in complex intracellular signaling pathways, including inhibition of angiogenesis and cell proliferation, among others. In the present review, the current evidence on the effects of melatonin on different pathophysiological conditions is also discussed.

show abstract

Low dose radiation risks for women surviving the a-bombs in Japan: generalized additive model

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis

Melatonin, a Full Service Anti-Cancer Agent: Inhibition of Initiation, Progression and Metastasis

False Indications of Dose-Response Nonlinearity in Large Epidemiologic Cancer Radiation Cohort Studies; A Simulation Exercise

Melatonin in Wine and Beer: Beneficial Effects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About