Low-cost carbon nanotube aerogels with varying and controllable density

Shen, Yang; Du, Ai; Wu, Xueling; Li, Xiaoguang; Shen, Jun; Zhou, Bin

doi:10.1007/s10971-016-4002-7

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Once completely frozen, ice is removed by sublimation, leaving only aerogels. [ 17,18 ] Other unique features can be incorporated by fabricating aerogels with carbon nanotubes, [ 19 ] graphene oxide sheets, [ 20 ] nanoparticles, [ 21 ] nano‐/microwires, [ 22 ] nanofibers, [ 23 ] or other specialized materials. [ 24 ] Specifically, aerogels made of short electrospun nanofibers have been subjected to research in several innovative areas including pressure sensing, [ 25 ] thermal insulation, [ 26 ] protein separation, [ 27 ] oil–water separation, [ 28 ] bone regeneration, [ 29 ] and tissue repair studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 32 ] While the porosity of aerogels can be tuned within a limited range by changing the freezing temperatures during freeze‐casting, the efficacy for tissue regeneration is often unsatisfactory, which may be attributed to the nonoptimal pore size and structure. [ 17,18 ] Nonoptimal pore size and structure can lead to poor cellular infiltration and heterogeneous cell distribution within the aerogels, thus inhibiting rapid cell movements and tissue regeneration. [ 33,34 ] Scaffolds with channeled structures have enabled enhanced cell infiltration and uniform distribution of nutrients and oxygen in both computational simulations and experimental studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freeze‐Casting with 3D‐Printed Templates Creates Anisotropic Microchannels and Patterned Macrochannels within Biomimetic Nanofiber Aerogels for Rapid Cellular Infiltration

John

McCarthy

Wang

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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A new approach is described for fabricating 3D poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin (1:1) nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels and anisotropic microchannels by freeze‐casting with 3D‐printed sacrificial templates. Single layer or multiple layers of macrochannels are formed through an inverse replica of 3D‐printed templates. Aligned microchannels formed by partially anisotropic freezing act as interconnected pores between templated macrochannels. The resulting macro‐/microchannels within nanofiber aerogels significantly increase preosteoblast infiltration in vitro. The conjugation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐mimicking QK peptide to PCL/gelatin/gelatin methacryloyl (1:0.5:0.5) nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels promotes the formation of a microvascular network of seeded human microvascular endothelial cells. Moreover, nanofiber aerogels with patterned macrochannels and anisotropic microchannels show significantly enhanced cellular infiltration rates and host tissue integration compared to aerogels without macrochannels following subcutaneous implantation in rats. Taken together, this novel class of nanofiber aerogels holds great potential in biomedical applications including tissue repair and regeneration, wound healing, and 3D tissue/disease modeling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freeze‐Casting with 3D‐Printed Templates Creates Anisotropic Microchannels and Patterned Macrochannels within Biomimetic Nanofiber Aerogels for Rapid Cellular Infiltration

John

McCarthy

Wang

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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show abstract

“…Density is one of the key measures in the macronization of the CNTs, and the density control is affected by various methods such as dispersion and drying in preparation steps [14]. In particular, densification of the MWCNTs has been rarely reported compared to other types of CNTs such as SWCNT (single walled CNT) [14]. Table 1 summarizes bulk density, apparent density and shape information for the raw MWCNT powder and the prepared CNT microbeads.…”

Section: Physical and Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although various attempts on preparation of the macronized CNT particles have been made up to now, most of the studies have been directed to the highly porous aerogel with low density [14]. Research on the preparation of dense CNT particles ranging in the size from several hundred microns to several millimeters for the fluidized beds is comparatively sparse [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative method to prepare denser and bigger rounded-particles using a solvent, which can disperse the CNT at a high concentration, is required for the fluidized bed process. However, density control of the MWCNT was rarely reported and the work is still challenging [14]. Recently, Chiou et al [13] reported a CNT dispersion method using cresols as a processing solvent, where m-cresol can disperse the CNT powder at high concentration up to tens of wt % without any dispersing agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of MWCNT Microbeads for the Application of Bed Materials in a Fluidized Bed Heat Exchanger

Lee

Kim

2020

Materials

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Fluidized beds have been utilized for various chemical and physical applications including heat transfer such as the gas–solid heat exchanger. It is advantageous to use carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with high thermal conductivity as bed materials for heat transfer enhancement in a direct gas–solid contacting heat exchanger. However, the poor fluidization of CNTs is the biggest challenge due to the strong cohesive force between the particles. A control over the macroscopic shapes of CNT powders is required for their application. A preparation method of CNT microbeads has been proposed to be suitable for fluidized bed applications. The method is characterized by using m-cresol known as processing solvents for fabrication of the CNT microbeads. Multiwalled CNT powders were directly mixed with m-cresol to yield a thick paste-like material. The paste droplets were rolled into round particles with in pure water with and without surfactant. The obtained particles were dried in a vacuum oven. The obtained microbeads have diameters ranging 300–2200 μm and apparent particle density of 350–400 kg/m3, which corresponds to Geldart group B in the fluidization classification. The micrograph of the CNT microbeads exhibited stacked nanotubes array on the surface, indicating obvious densification of the raw CNT powders. The microbeads prepared in water containing surfactant have better shape factor such as circularity and solidity. The thermal conductivity of the microbeads is about 1.18 W/mK in a bulk state, which is much higher than raw CNT powder (0.032 W/mK). The flowability and fluidization characteristics of the multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) microbeads showed a possibility as promising bed material suitable for the fluidized bed heat exchanger.

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Mechanically Strengthened Aerogels through Multiscale, Multicompositional, and Multidimensional Approaches: A Review

Parale,

Kim,

Choi

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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In recent decades, aerogels have attracted tremendous attention in academia and industries as a lightweight and porous multifunctional nanomaterial. Despite their wide application range, their limited mechanical durability hinders their processing and operation, particularly in application requiring complex physical structures. “Mechanically strengthened aerogels” have emerged as the potential solution to address this drawback. Since the first report on aerogels in 1931, various modified synthesis processes have been introduced to enhance the mechanical strength of aerogels in the last decade, further advancing their multifunctional scope. This review summarizes the state‐of‐the‐art developments of mechanically strengthened aerogels through multicompositional and multidimensional approaches in the past 10 years. Additionally, new trends and future technologies for the commercialization of aerogels as much as plastic is discussed in the final section.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

show abstract

Low-cost carbon nanotube aerogels with varying and controllable density

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Freeze‐Casting with 3D‐Printed Templates Creates Anisotropic Microchannels and Patterned Macrochannels within Biomimetic Nanofiber Aerogels for Rapid Cellular Infiltration

Freeze‐Casting with 3D‐Printed Templates Creates Anisotropic Microchannels and Patterned Macrochannels within Biomimetic Nanofiber Aerogels for Rapid Cellular Infiltration

Preparation of MWCNT Microbeads for the Application of Bed Materials in a Fluidized Bed Heat Exchanger

Mechanically Strengthened Aerogels through Multiscale, Multicompositional, and Multidimensional Approaches: A Review

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