Low-Cost Additive Manufacturing Techniques Applied to the Design of Planar Microwave Circuits by Fused Deposition Modeling

García-Martínez, Héctor; Ávila-Navarro, Ernesto; Torregrosa‐Penalva, Germán; Rodríguez-Martínez, Alberto; Blanco-Angulo, Carolina; Casa-Lillo, Miguel A. de la de la

doi:10.3390/polym12091946

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Given the thorough tolerance analysis, the expected range of variation of the most influential geometrical parameters can be controlled by using milling as manufacturing method. Alternative, more recent and appealing technologies, such as 3D printing [44] may not be able to satisfy the tight mechanical tolerances required at these high working frequencies. In particular, selective laser sintering can achieve a resolution of about 20-60 µm [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper proposes an in-line coaxial-to-waveguide transition with a compact geometry to obtain a good match over the whole Q-band (33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50). The aim is to reach the desired matching (typically, at least a return loss (RL) > 20 dB in radioastronomy) without increasing the transverse occupation and limiting the additional components to the strictly necessary, in order to obtain a satisfactory accuracy in the design despite the small operating wavelengths involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An In-Line Coaxial-to-Waveguide Transition for Q-Band Single-Feed-Per-Beam Antenna Systems

et al. 2021

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An in-line transition between a coaxial cable and rectangular waveguide operating in Q-band (33–50 GHz) is presented. The aim of the work is to minimize the modifications in the waveguide to the strictly necessary to overcome the manufacturing issues due to the high frequencies involved. In addition, the transition is compact and it does not increase the space occupation on the transverse section, this suggests its application in horn antennas clusters arrangement. The operating principle consists of both a modal conversion and an impedance matching between the devices. The modal conversion is realized in an intermediate region, where the coaxial penetrates in the waveguide: the device geometry is designed so that the electric field in the transition is a trade-off between the TEM mode of the coaxial and the TE10 of the guide. A shaped waveguide backshort and a reactive air gap in the coaxial cable co-participate to achieve the matching. An optimized Chebyshev stepped transformer completes the transition to fulfil the impedance mismatch with the full waveguide. The design issues and technological aspects are considered. The influences of the feeding pin misalignment, the presence of groove is included in the analysis and these practical aspects are discussed and numerically validated via the scattering parameters analysis of the proposed design. The return loss is higher than 25 dB over the whole Q-band.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In-Line Coaxial-to-Waveguide Transition for Q-Band Single-Feed-Per-Beam Antenna Systems

et al. 2021

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“…Due to the improvement of mechanical and functional properties, polymeric materials are also used in additive manufacturing. In the process of manufacturing models using 3D printing methods, polymeric materials can take the form of solid [ 25 , 26 ], liquid [ 27 , 28 ], or semi-liquid [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The manufactured polymeric models are mainly used in the automotive [ 32 ], aviation [ 33 , 34 ], and medical industries [ 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the Accuracy of Mandible Anatomical Models Manufactured Using Material Extrusion Methods

Turek

Budzik

2021

Polymers

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The development of new solutions in craniofacial surgery brings the need to increase the accuracy of 3D printing models. The accuracy of the manufactured models is most often verified using optical coordinate measuring systems. However, so far, no decision has been taken regarding which type of system would allow for a reliable estimation of the geometrical accuracy of the anatomical models. Three types of optical measurement systems (Atos III Triple Scan, articulated arm (MCA-II) with a laser head (MMD × 100), and Benchtop CT160Xi) were used to verify the accuracy of 12 polymer anatomical models of the left side of the mandible. The models were manufactured using fused deposition modeling (FDM), melted and extruded modeling (MEM), and fused filament fabrication (FFF) techniques. The obtained results indicate that the Atos III Triple Scan allows for the most accurate estimation of errors in model manufacturing. Using the FDM technique obtained the best accuracy in models manufactured (0.008 ± 0.118 mm for ABS0-M30 and 0.016 ± 0.178 mm for PC-10 material). A very similar value of the standard deviation of PLA and PET material was observed (about 0.180 mm). The worst results were observed in the MEM technique (0.012 mm ± 0.308 mm). The knowledge regarding the precisely evaluated errors in manufactured models within the mandibular area will help in the controlled preparation of templates regarding the expected accuracy of surgical operations.

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“…Materials currently used in the 3D printing process include metals [25,26], polymers [27][28][29], ceramics [30,31], and composites [32,33]. However, polymer materials have also been increasingly used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Material extrusion has dimensional accuracy limitations, so it is mainly used in low-cost prototyping [17,19,22]. Industrial systems can also produce functional prototypes from engineering materials [2,28].3D bioprinting focuses on building scaffolds [6,18] Directed Energy Deposition Direct fusion of the material Laser Engineering Net Shape (LENS), Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing (EBAM)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Radiological Density and Accuracy of Mandible Polymer Anatomical Structures Manufactured Using 3D Printing Technologies

2020

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Nowadays, 3D printing technologies are among the rapidly developing technologies applied to manufacture even the most geometrically complex models, however no techniques dominate in the area of craniofacial applications. This study included 12 different anatomical structures of the mandible, which were obtained during the process of reconstructing data from the Siemens Somatom Sensation Open 40 system. The manufacturing process used for the 12 structures involved the use of 8 3D printers and 12 different polymer materials. Verification of the accuracy and radiological density was performed with the CT160Xi Benchtop tomography system. The most accurate results were obtained in the case of models manufactured using the following materials: E-Model (Standard Deviation (SD) = 0.145 mm), FullCure 830 (SD = 0.188 mm), VeroClear (SD = 0.128 mm), Digital ABS-Ivory (SD = 0.117 mm), and E-Partial (SD = 0.129 mm). In the case of radiological density, ABS-M30 was similar to spongious bone, PC-10 was similar to the liver, and Polylactic acid (PLA) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were similar to the spleen. Acrylic resin materials were able to imitate the pancreas, kidney, brain, and heart. The presented results constitute valuable guidelines that may improve currently used radiological phantoms and may provide support to surgeons in the process of performing more precise treatments within the mandible area.

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Low-Cost Additive Manufacturing Techniques Applied to the Design of Planar Microwave Circuits by Fused Deposition Modeling

Cited by 23 publications

References 38 publications

An In-Line Coaxial-to-Waveguide Transition for Q-Band Single-Feed-Per-Beam Antenna Systems

An In-Line Coaxial-to-Waveguide Transition for Q-Band Single-Feed-Per-Beam Antenna Systems

Estimating the Accuracy of Mandible Anatomical Models Manufactured Using Material Extrusion Methods

Assessing the Radiological Density and Accuracy of Mandible Polymer Anatomical Structures Manufactured Using 3D Printing Technologies

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