2007
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-7-39
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Abstract: Background: Largely due to the lack of diagnostic reagents, the prevalence and clinical presentation of cryptococcal meningitis in Tanzania is poorly understood. This in turn is limiting the impact of increased fluconazole availability.

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Cited by 52 publications
(48 citation statements)
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References 21 publications
(24 reference statements)
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“…A plausible postulate for this could be; cryptococcal infection setting up an inflammatory process in which cytokines and other immune mediators are released (e.g., IL-1, interferon gamma, etc.) subsequently resulting in increased HIV-1 RNA replication and decreased in CD4 cell count [40][41][42][43]. Reverse causality could also be another possible explanation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A plausible postulate for this could be; cryptococcal infection setting up an inflammatory process in which cytokines and other immune mediators are released (e.g., IL-1, interferon gamma, etc.) subsequently resulting in increased HIV-1 RNA replication and decreased in CD4 cell count [40][41][42][43]. Reverse causality could also be another possible explanation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The impact has led to the use of FLZ monotherapy for CNME in sub-Saharan Africa. Kisenge et al evaluated 149 consecutive HIV-infected patients presenting with meningitis at a tertiary referral hospital in Moshi, Tanzania (9). Forty patients were positive for CSF cryptococcal antigen.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CM incidence has decreased in developed countries where highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is widely available [8][9][10][11][12][13], but CM remains common in other areas of the world [1•]. The highest mortality is seen in sub-Saharan Africa, where acute mortality rates remain exceptionally high (20%-100%) [3,[14][15][16][17][18].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Generally, infection in persons with HIV/AIDS or other immunocompromising conditions is thought to be due to reactivation of latent disease months to years after exposure [26], and it most commonly presents as meningitis. Cryptococcal infection in persons with HIV/AIDS usually develops among the most severely immunocompromised (CD4 count<100) [16]. Infection occurs less often among immunocompetent individuals [11].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%