Loss of the liver X receptor LXRα/β in peripheral sensory neurons modifies energy expenditure

Mansuy‐Aubert, Virginie; Gautron, Laurent; Lee, Syann; Bookout, Angie L.; Kusminski, Christine M.; Sun, Kai; Zhang, Yuan; Scherer, Philipp E.; Mangelsdorf, David J.; Elmquist, Joel K.

doi:10.7554/elife.06667

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Importantly, PPAR‐α receptors are expressed on vagal afferent neurons (Mansuy‐Aubert et al . ). The exact subpopulation of vagal afferent neurons that express PPAR‐α receptors are unknown, and the role of these receptors on vagal afferent neurons remains to be fully characterized.…”

Section: Targeting the Vagus Nerve With Pharmacotherapy For The Treatmentioning

confidence: 97%

Role of the vagus nerve in the development and treatment of diet‐induced obesity

Lartigue

2016

The Journal of Physiology

193

144

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This review highlights evidence for a role of the vagus nerve in the development of obesity and how targeting the vagus nerve with neuromodulation or pharmacology can be used as a therapeutic treatment of obesity. The vagus nerve innervating the gut plays an important role in controlling metabolism. It communicates peripheral information about the volume and type of nutrients between the gut and the brain. Depending on the nutritional status, vagal afferent neurons express two different neurochemical phenotypes that can inhibit or stimulate food intake. Chronic ingestion of calorie-rich diets reduces sensitivity of vagal afferent neurons to peripheral signals and their constitutive expression of orexigenic receptors and neuropeptides. This disruption of vagal afferent signalling is sufficient to drive hyperphagia and obesity. Furthermore neuromodulation of the vagus nerve can be used in the treatment of obesity. Although the mechanisms are poorly understood, vagal nerve stimulation prevents weight gain in response to a high-fat diet. In small clinical studies, in patients with depression or epilepsy, vagal nerve stimulation has been demonstrated to promote weight loss. Vagal blockade, which inhibits the vagus nerve, results in significant weight loss. Vagal blockade is proposed to inhibit aberrant orexigenic signals arising in obesity as a putative mechanism of vagal blockade-induced weight loss. Approaches and molecular targets to develop future pharmacotherapy targeted to the vagus nerve for the treatment of obesity are proposed. In conclusion there is strong evidence that the vagus nerve is involved in the development of obesity and it is proving to be an attractive target for the treatment of obesity.

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Section: Targeting the Vagus Nerve With Pharmacotherapy For The Treatmentioning

confidence: 97%

Role of the vagus nerve in the development and treatment of diet‐induced obesity

Lartigue

2016

The Journal of Physiology

193

144

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“…Host metabolism is monitored and modulated by both the nervous and immune systems [120, 128, 129]. TRPV1 −/− mice have enhanced lifespan and improved metabolic parameters due to decreased CGRP release and enhanced pancreatic insulin production [130].…”

Section: Role Of the Pns In The Development Deployment And Homeostamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regulation of Immunological Processes by Peripheral Neurons in Homeostasis and Disease

Ordovás-Montañés

Rakoff-Nahoum

Huang

et al. 2015

Trends in Immunology

144

123

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The nervous system and the immune system are the principal sensory interfaces between the internal and external environment. They are responsible for recognizing, integrating, and responding to varied stimuli, and have the capacity to form memories of these encounters leading to learned or ‘adaptive’ future responses. Here, we review the current understanding of the cross-regulation between these systems. The autonomic and somatosensory nervous systems regulate both the development and deployment of immune cells, with broad functions that impact hematopoiesis as well as priming, migration and cytokine production. In turn, specific immune cell subsets contribute to homeostatic neural circuits such as those controlling metabolism, hypertension and the inflammatory reflex. We examine the contribution of the somatosensory system to autoimmune, autoinflammatory, allergic, and infectious processes in barrier tissues and in this context, discuss opportunities for therapeutic manipulation of neuro-immune interactions.

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“…Altogether, these data support a specific role for intestinal rather than hepatic vagal innervation in the success of surgery. Similar to distinct nuclei within the CNS, the vagus is a heterogeneous population of neurones, allowing individual neurones to respond to distinct stimuli. Indeed, activation of specific neurones within the nodose ganglia, the cell body of the vagus, have been found to differentially regulate GI functions.…”

Section: Mechanisms For Metabolic Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms for the metabolic success of bariatric surgery

Sandoval

2019

J Neuroendocrinology

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To date, bariatric surgery remains the most effective strategy for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. However, given the enormity of the obesity epidemic, and sometimes variable results, it is not a feasible strategy for the treatment of all obese patients. A simple PubMed search for ‘bariatric surgery' reveals over 28 000 papers that have been published since the 1940s when the first bariatric surgeries were performed. However, there is still an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms for the weight loss and metabolic success of surgery. An understanding of the mechanisms is important because it may lead to greater understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity and thus surgery‐alternative strategies for the treatment of all obese patients. In this review, the potential mechanisms that underlie the success of surgery are discussed, with a focus on the potential endocrine, neural and other circulatory factors (eg, bile acids) that have been proposed to play a role.

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Loss of the liver X receptor LXRα/β in peripheral sensory neurons modifies energy expenditure

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Role of the vagus nerve in the development and treatment of diet‐induced obesity

Role of the vagus nerve in the development and treatment of diet‐induced obesity

The Regulation of Immunological Processes by Peripheral Neurons in Homeostasis and Disease

Mechanisms for the metabolic success of bariatric surgery

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