Longitudinal Tracking of Cytokines after Acute Exposure to Tuberculosis: Association of Distinct Cytokine Patterns with Protection and Disease Development

Hussain, Rabia; Talat, Najeeha; Shahid, Firdaus; Dawood, Ghaffar

doi:10.1128/cvi.00289-07

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The time course for responses to CF in our cohort is similar to that seen in a HHC study in Pakistan where IFN-γ reached a plateau after 6 months. 24 The Ag85B protein is primarily a stimulus for CD4+ T cells and its rapid response may in part reflect boosting of memory response primed by BCG vaccination or environmental mycobacteria that also can express Ag85B. Additionally, NK T cells, part of innate immune responses, can produce IFN-γ in response to CF and whole MTB, but not to defined antigens such as Ag85B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Acute M. tuberculosis Infection in Adult Household Contacts in Kampala, Uganda

Mahan¹,

Zalwango²,

Thiel³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients are at risk for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. Because most infections are controlled, studies during MTB infection provide insight into protective immunity. We compared immune responses of adult household contacts that did and did not convert the tuberculin skin test (TST). Innate and adaptive immune responses were measured by whole blood assay. Responses of TST converters (TSTC) were compared with persistently TST negative contacts (PTST–) and contacts who were TST+ at baseline (TST+). TLR-2, TLR-4, and IFN-γR responses to IFN-γ did not differ between the groups, nor did γδ T cell responses. T cell responses to MTB antigens differed markedly among TSTC, PTST–, and TST+ contacts. Thus, no differences in innate responses were found among the three household contact groups. However, adaptive T cell responses to MTB antigens did differ before and during MTB infection among PTST–, TSTC, and TST+ contacts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Acute M. tuberculosis Infection in Adult Household Contacts in Kampala, Uganda

Mahan¹,

Zalwango²,

Thiel³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…It has been shown, in animal models, that a decreased production of IFN-c and a decrease in the number of IFN-c-producing cells are predictive of an increased risk of developing TB [40]. In contact patients, it has been observed that the progression to disease was associated with a decrease in IFN-c, and an increase in interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-4 levels [41,42]. Some data suggest that in individuals with a recent exposure to TB, the protective response shifts from Th1 to Th2, even before the clinical symptoms appear [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing TB infection in children: analysis of discordances using in vitro tests and the tuberculin skin test

Altet-Gómez¹,

Souza-Galvão²,

Latorre³

et al. 2010

European Respiratory Journal

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The aim of the present study was to compare the performance of the interferon (IFN)-c tests (QuantiFERON1-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-G-IT) and T-SPOT1.TB) with the tuberculin skin test (TST) in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) infection in children, and to analyse discordant results.This was a prospective study including 98 children from contact-tracing studies and 68 children with TST indurations o5 mm recruited during public health screenings.Positive IFN-c tests results were associated with risk of exposure (p,0.0001). T-SPOT.TB was positive in 11 (78.6%) out of 14 cases with active TB and QFT-G-IT in nine (64.3%) out of 14 cases. Sensitised T-cells against Mycobacterium avium were detected in six out of 12 children not vaccinated with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), a TST induration 5-9 mm in diameter and both IFN-c tests negative. In concordant IFN-c tests results, a positive correlation was found (p50.0001) between the number of responding cells and the amount of IFN-c released. However, in discordant IFN-c tests results this correlation was negative (p50.371): an increase in the number of spot-forming cells correlated with a decrease in the amount of IFN-c released.The use of IFN-c tests is helpful for the diagnosis of TB infection, avoiding cross-reactions with BCG immunisation and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. The analysis of highly discordant results requires further investigation to elucidate possible clinical implications.KEYWORDS: Agreement, children, interferon-c release assays, nontuberculous mycobacterial sensitins, tuberculin skin test, tuberculosis I n 2007, the estimated global incidence of tuberculosis (TB) cases was 9.27 million. Approximately 11% of these cases were children. In the developed world, the estimated proportion of children with TB is around 3-6%, but in developing countries this percentage can reach 15-20%, with an approximate mortality of 30% [1]. Latent TB infection (LTBI) treatment is an essential strategy to eliminate TB [2], although in order to achieve any epidemiological impact, this strategy must target groups with a high risk of infection and development of the disease if they become infected. Children merit special consideration, as they can develop the disease very quickly after primary infection, with the most severe forms prevailing in younger children [3].The advantages of techniques based on the detection of interferon (IFN)-c secreted by effector T-cells stimulated with specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens to diagnose LTBI over the tuberculin skin test (TST) are the lack of cross-reactivity with vaccinal Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strains and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and the absence of booster effect [4,5]. These antigens are the early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)-6 and culture filtrate protein (CFP)-10 encoded in region of difference (RD)1, and TB7.7 encoded in RD11, which are absent in all BCG strains and in the majority of NTM. Two commercial in vitro assays based on this technology are currently availab...

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“…As Pakistan has a very high incidence of TB at 181/100,000 population (50), the possibility of exposure to M. tuberculosis cannot be ruled out, nor can exposure to environmental mycobacteria. Recent studies of household contacts of patients with TB show that the time postexposure at which the IFN-␥ response to M. tuberculosis is measured determines the cytokine profile obtained (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential LiveMycobacterium tuberculosis-,M. bovisBCG-, Recombinant ESAT6-, and Culture Filtrate Protein 10-Induced Immunity in Tuberculosis

Hasan

Jamil

Ashraf

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Longitudinal Tracking of Cytokines after Acute Exposure to Tuberculosis: Association of Distinct Cytokine Patterns with Protection and Disease Development

Cited by 47 publications

References 46 publications

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Acute M. tuberculosis Infection in Adult Household Contacts in Kampala, Uganda

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses during Acute M. tuberculosis Infection in Adult Household Contacts in Kampala, Uganda

Diagnosing TB infection in children: analysis of discordances using in vitro tests and the tuberculin skin test

Differential LiveMycobacterium tuberculosis-,M. bovisBCG-, Recombinant ESAT6-, and Culture Filtrate Protein 10-Induced Immunity in Tuberculosis

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