Longitudinal change in language production: Effects of aging and dementia on grammatical complexity and propositional content.

Kemper, Susan; Thompson, Marilyn S.; Marquis, Janet

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.16.4.600

Cited by 245 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

189

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Perhaps this particular b DIF reflects the tendency of older adults, in general, to use grammatically simple speech (Kemper, Thompson, & Marquis, 2001). Other than this finding, the absence of other meaningful differences within the histrionic PD is consistent with the notion that the criteria for histrionic PD should function similarly for older and younger adults (Agronin & Maletta, 2000).…”

Section: Author Manuscript Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

An item response theory analysis of DSM-IV personality disorder criteria across younger and older age groups.

Balsis

Gleason

Woods

et al. 2007

Psychology and Aging

127

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) personality disorder (PD) diagnostic criteria focus on a younger social and occupational context. The absence of age-appropriate criteria for older adults forces researchers and clinicians to draw conclusions based on existing criteria, which are likely inadequate. To explore which DSM-IV PD criteria contain age group measurement bias, the authors report 2 analyses of data on nearly 37,000 participants, ages 18-98 years, taken from a public data set that includes 7 of the 10 PDs (antisocial, avoidant, dependent, histrionic, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid, and schizoid). The 1st analysis revealed that older age groups tend to endorse fewer PD criteria than younger age groups. The 2nd analysis revealed that 29% of the criteria contain measurement bias. Although the latent variable structure for each PD was quite similar across younger and older age groups, some individual criteria were differentially endorsed by younger and older adults with equivalent PD pathology. The presence of measurement bias for these criteria raises questions concerning the assessment of PDs in older adults and the interpretation of existing data. Keywords age bias; aging; item response theory; personality disorders; prevalence At least six studies have compared the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) in younger and older adults Casey & Schrodt, 1989;Fogel & Westlake, 1990;Kenan et al., 2000;Mezzich, Fabrega, Coffman, & Glavin, 1987;Molinari, Ames, & Essa, 1994; see also Abrams & Horowitz, 1999). One study found that the prevalence of PDs in community-dwelling younger adults was just under 18%, whereas for a similar sample of older adults the prevalence was approximately 13% . Four of the studies revealed a similar negative trend in clinical samples (Casey & Schrodt, 1989;Fogel & Westlake, 1990;Kenan et al., 2000;Mezzich et al., 1987). In a cross-sectional study of psychiatric inpatients, for example, 76% of younger adults were diagnosed with PDs, whereas only 55% of older adults were similarly diagnosed (Kenan et al., 2000). Although the remaining study found that the prevalence of PDs for younger and older adults in clinical HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Manuscriptsettings was similar at approximately 50% , the overall trend suggests that younger adults are diagnosed with PDs more frequently than older adults. 1 The reasons for this trend are unclear. Some researchers have suggested that the higher prevalence rates of PDs reported for younger adults as compared with older adults indicate that PDs mellow or soften with age (Kenan et al., 2000;Paris, 2003). This hypothesis finds support in longitudinal data, which indicate that PD features decline with age (e.g., Lenzenweger, Johnson, & Willett, 2004). Other studies have found that although specific symptoms disappear with increasing age, significant problems remain (Moffitt, Caspi, Harrington, & ...

show abstract

Section: Author Manuscript Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

An item response theory analysis of DSM-IV personality disorder criteria across younger and older age groups.

Balsis

Gleason

Woods

et al. 2007

Psychology and Aging

127

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Numerous psychological experiments have related idea density to readability (Kintsch, 1998;Kintsch & Keenan, 1973), memory (see, e.g., Thorson & Snyder, 1984), the quality of students' writing (e.g., Takao, Prothero, & Kelly, 2002), aging (Kemper, Marquis, & Thompson, 2001;Kemper & Sumner, 2001), and prediction of Alzheimer's disease. Snowdon et al (1996) found reduced idea density in essays written by individuals who were to develop Alzheimer's disease 50 years later.…”

Section: The Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic measurement of propositional idea density from part-of-speech tagging

Brown¹,

Snodgrass

Kemper

et al. 2008

Behavior Research Methods

159

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In this article, we focus on word production, that is, producing the sound or spelling for a word. (For age-related declines in other components of language production, see Kemper, Thompson, & Marquis, 2001.) We review evidence for the decline in word retrieval in old age and describe a cognitive aging model that explains why this language function declines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and Language Production

Burke

Shafto

2004

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

270

173

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Experimental research and older adults' reports of their own experience suggest that the ability to produce the spoken forms of familiar words declines with aging. Older adults experience more word-finding failures, such as tip-of-the-tongue states, than young adults do, and this and other speech production failures appear to stem from difficulties in retrieving the sounds of words. Recent evidence has identified a parallel age-related decline in retrieving the spelling of familiar words. Models of cognitive aging must explain why these aspects of language production decline with aging whereas semantic processes are well maintained. We describe a model wherein aging weakens connections among linguistic representations, thereby reducing the transmission of excitation from one representation to another. The structure of the representational systems for word phonology and orthography makes them vulnerable to transmission deficits, impairing retrieval. Keywordsaging; word production; tip of the tongue; phonological retrieval; spelling Older adults report that one of their most annoying cognitive problems is the inability to produce a well-known word. Although people of all ages suffer such word-finding failures, this type of error becomes more frequent with age, and older adults report that it is the cognitive problem most affected by aging. Understanding the nature and cause of wordfinding failures is an important goal for aging research because these failures may diminish older adults' success in communicating, and weaken the evaluation of their language competence by themselves and others. Such negative self-appraisal promotes withdrawal from social interaction. Moreover, the age-related decline in word retrieval is theoretically significant because many language abilities are relatively well maintained in old age and models of aging must explain this pattern. For example, retrieval of the meaning of words and other semantic processes involved in understanding language show little change with aging. In this article, we focus on word production, that is, producing the sound or spelling for a word. (For age-related declines in other components of language production, see Kemper, Thompson, & Marquis, 2001.) We review evidence for the decline in word retrieval in old age and describe a cognitive aging model that explains why this language function declines. MEASURING SPOKEN WORD PRODUCTIONOne of the simplest methods for measuring the effect of aging on word retrieval is comparing young and older adults' ability to name pictures of objects. A number of studies

show abstract

Longitudinal change in language production: Effects of aging and dementia on grammatical complexity and propositional content.

Cited by 245 publications

References 53 publications

An item response theory analysis of DSM-IV personality disorder criteria across younger and older age groups.

An item response theory analysis of DSM-IV personality disorder criteria across younger and older age groups.

Automatic measurement of propositional idea density from part-of-speech tagging

Aging and Language Production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About