Longhouse dwelling, social contact and the prevalence of leprosy and tuberculosis among native tribes of Sarawak

Using microscopy to improve a diagnosis: an isolated case of tuberculosis‐induced hypertrophic osteopathy in archaeological dog remains

“…Reider (1999) stated that the epidemiological risk factors of becoming infected with TB depend on a variety of conditions, including the number of case-contact interactions (including the duration of contact), the amount of bacteria in the infectious droplet/expectorant as well as the air surrounding the susceptible, which is ultimately related to the air circulation and ventilation within a given space. It seems the chronic nature of HPO in C-10 suggests that this dog may have been suffering from TB for quite some time, and since it lived and was taken care of within a longhouse environment, circumstances existed for an increase in tuberculosis incidence, as studies have shown that longer and more (Chen, 1988). In addition, longhouse reconstruction experiments point out that air circulation and smoke ventilation are challenging (Fecteau, 1979), suggesting that airborne infection of TB among its inhabitants was quite possible.…”

Using microscopy to improve a diagnosis: an isolated case of tuberculosis‐induced hypertrophic osteopathy in archaeological dog remains

“…Reider (1999) stated that the epidemiological risk factors of becoming infected with TB depend on a variety of conditions, including the number of case-contact interactions (including the duration of contact), the amount of bacteria in the infectious droplet/expectorant as well as the air surrounding the susceptible, which is ultimately related to the air circulation and ventilation within a given space. It seems the chronic nature of HPO in C-10 suggests that this dog may have been suffering from TB for quite some time, and since it lived and was taken care of within a longhouse environment, circumstances existed for an increase in tuberculosis incidence, as studies have shown that longer and more (Chen, 1988). In addition, longhouse reconstruction experiments point out that air circulation and smoke ventilation are challenging (Fecteau, 1979), suggesting that airborne infection of TB among its inhabitants was quite possible.…”

Feasibility Analysis and Economic Viability of Standalone Hybrid Systems for Marudi Electrification in Sarawak, Malaysia

“…The main source of income comes from agriculture, such as fruits, vegetables, and meat, where the goods are taken to bigger villages nearby to sell. The exact population data of Long Moh is unavailable as it is a rural area; however, a longhouse settlement can be estimated to have 70 households [27]. According to a census conducted by the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the average household size in Sarawak is 4.4; thus, it can be estimated that Long Moh has a population of 308 people [28].…”

Maxillary Sinusitis from India: A Bio-cultural Approach

“…He also saw the crowded dwellings in the medieval period from England and the use of sea coal as two of the major reasons behind the sinusitis. Such crowding and densely populated dwellings increase the frequency and duration of social contact by increasing the transmission of airborne infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy [9]. Furthermore studies conducted by Rajpandey [10] on communities in Nepal showed that the straw and wood burning activities in closed structures result in more cases of chronic bronchitis in females than males.…”

Using microscopy to improve a diagnosis: an isolated case of tuberculosis‐induced hypertrophic osteopathy in archaeological dog remains

“…Reider (1999) stated that the epidemiological risk factors of becoming infected with TB depend on a variety of conditions, including the number of case-contact interactions (including the duration of contact), the amount of bacteria in the infectious droplet/expectorant as well as the air surrounding the susceptible, which is ultimately related to the air circulation and ventilation within a given space. It seems the chronic nature of HPO in C-10 suggests that this dog may have been suffering from TB for quite some time, and since it lived and was taken care of within a longhouse environment, circumstances existed for an increase in tuberculosis incidence, as studies have shown that longer and more (Chen, 1988). In addition, longhouse reconstruction experiments point out that air circulation and smoke ventilation are challenging (Fecteau, 1979), suggesting that airborne infection of TB among its inhabitants was quite possible.…”

Feasibility Analysis and Economic Viability of Standalone Hybrid Systems for Marudi Electrification in Sarawak, Malaysia

“…The main source of income comes from agriculture, such as fruits, vegetables, and meat, where the goods are taken to bigger villages nearby to sell. The exact population data of Long Moh is unavailable as it is a rural area; however, a longhouse settlement can be estimated to have 70 households [27]. According to a census conducted by the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the average household size in Sarawak is 4.4; thus, it can be estimated that Long Moh has a population of 308 people [28].…”

Maxillary Sinusitis from India: A Bio-cultural Approach

“…He also saw the crowded dwellings in the medieval period from England and the use of sea coal as two of the major reasons behind the sinusitis. Such crowding and densely populated dwellings increase the frequency and duration of social contact by increasing the transmission of airborne infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy [9]. Furthermore studies conducted by Rajpandey [10] on communities in Nepal showed that the straw and wood burning activities in closed structures result in more cases of chronic bronchitis in females than males.…”

Using microscopy to improve a diagnosis: an isolated case of tuberculosis‐induced hypertrophic osteopathy in archaeological dog remains

“…Reider (1999) stated that the epidemiological risk factors of becoming infected with TB depend on a variety of conditions, including the number of case-contact interactions (including the duration of contact), the amount of bacteria in the infectious droplet/expectorant as well as the air surrounding the susceptible, which is ultimately related to the air circulation and ventilation within a given space. It seems the chronic nature of HPO in C-10 suggests that this dog may have been suffering from TB for quite some time, and since it lived and was taken care of within a longhouse environment, circumstances existed for an increase in tuberculosis incidence, as studies have shown that longer and more (Chen, 1988). In addition, longhouse reconstruction experiments point out that air circulation and smoke ventilation are challenging (Fecteau, 1979), suggesting that airborne infection of TB among its inhabitants was quite possible.…”

Feasibility Analysis and Economic Viability of Standalone Hybrid Systems for Marudi Electrification in Sarawak, Malaysia

“…The main source of income comes from agriculture, such as fruits, vegetables, and meat, where the goods are taken to bigger villages nearby to sell. The exact population data of Long Moh is unavailable as it is a rural area; however, a longhouse settlement can be estimated to have 70 households [27]. According to a census conducted by the Department of Statistics Malaysia, the average household size in Sarawak is 4.4; thus, it can be estimated that Long Moh has a population of 308 people [28].…”

Maxillary Sinusitis from India: A Bio-cultural Approach

“…He also saw the crowded dwellings in the medieval period from England and the use of sea coal as two of the major reasons behind the sinusitis. Such crowding and densely populated dwellings increase the frequency and duration of social contact by increasing the transmission of airborne infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy [9]. Furthermore studies conducted by Rajpandey [10] on communities in Nepal showed that the straw and wood burning activities in closed structures result in more cases of chronic bronchitis in females than males.…”