Long-term restricted feeding alters circadian expression and reduces the level of inflammatory and disease markers

Abstract

The circadian clock in peripheral tissues can be entrained by restricted feeding (RF), a regimen that restricts the duration of food availability with no calorie restriction (CR). However, it is not known whether RF can delay the occurrence of age-associated changes similar to CR. We measured circadian expression of clock genes, disease marker genes, metabolic factors and inflammatory and allergy markers in mouse serum, liver, jejunum and white adipose tissue (WAT) after long-term RF of 4 months. We found that circadian rhythmicity is more robust and is phase advanced in most of the genes and proteins tested under RF. In addition, average daily levels of some disease and inflammatory markers were reduced under RF, including liver Il-6 mRNA, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) protein; jejunum Arginase, Afp, Gadd45β, Il-1α and Il-1β mRNA, and interleukin (IL)-6 and TNF-α protein and WAT Il-6, Il-1β, Tnfα and Nfκb mRNA. In contrast, the anti-inflammatory cytokine Il-10 mRNA increased in the liver and jejunum. Our results suggest that RF may share some benefits with those of CR. As RF is a less harsh regimen to follow than CR, the data suggest it could be proposed for individuals seeking to improve their health.

Slow Growing Pre-Weaning Piglets Have Altered Adipokine Gene Expression

“…Pigs with lower growth rates had lower TNFα mRNA abundance than pigs with higher growth rates. This parallels the reported effects of dietary restriction on adipose TNFα mRNA abundance [38] and would imply the slower growing piglet cannot compete for nutrition from the sow. However, no difference in adipose TNFα mRNA abundance was observed in adipose tissues of slow growing, poorly competitive runt pigs relative to normal growing littermates [11].…”

Circadian Rhythms, Aging, and Life Span in Mammals

“…The survival of Glasgow osteosarcoma-inoculated mice was prolonged under RF during the light period compared with those under the dark period or those fed ad libitum (188). In addition, RF of 4 mo reduced the daily levels of inflammatory and disease markers (162). Since aging is typified by increased inflammation and proneness to cancer, these results suggest that RF may attenuate aging.…”

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activation advances locomotor activity and feeding daily rhythms in mice

“…These results may suggest that PPARa is a stronger regulator of Bmal1 expression than PPARg. As high amplitude circadian rhythms lead to reduced inflammation and improved health, 11 bezafibrate treatment may lead not only to reduced body weight, but also to reduced inflammation, as indeed has recently been shown. 13 However, as our results were obtained in healthy animals, further studies should determine the effect of bezafibrate on circadian rhythms in obese or diabetic animals.…”

“…11 Double-plotted actograms were generated using the Actogram software. Period length of circadian activity rhythm during 11 days in DD (tau) was calculated individually by Chi-square analyses using the Tau software.…”