Long-term psychological sequelae of smoking cessation and relapse.

Chassin, Laurie; Presson, Clark C.; Sherman, Steven J.; Kim, Kyung

doi:10.1037/0278-6133.21.5.438

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Kahler et al (2002), in a sample of smokers with past MDD, found that those who successfully quit smoking for a full year after treatment showed significant reductions in depressive symptoms over that year, while depressive symptoms remained essentially unchanged in those who relapsed to smoking. These findings parallel studies that found self-reported stress (Chassin, Presson, Sherman, & Kim, 2002;Cohen & Lichtenstein, 1990;Parrott, 1995) and anxiety (Hughes, 1992;West & Hajek, 1997) decreased to below precessation levels in the weeks and months following successful smoking cessation. Only one study to date has examined changes in depressive symptoms as they relate to changes in smoking status over time (Munafò, Heron, & Araya, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…If quitting smoking leads to worse psychological functioning even after withdrawal symptoms have ebbed, that must be addressed in treatment. On the other hand, if those who successfully quit experience less negative affect, stress, or depressive symptoms than those who return to smoking, that information could be used to encourage smokers to make and sustain quit attempts (Chassin et al, 2002;Parrott, 1999). A significant confound in studies addressing this question is that those smokers who experience the least affective disturbance upon quitting are those most likely to remain abstinent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Varying Smoking Abstinence Predicts Lower Depressive Symptoms Following Smoking Cessation Treatment

Kahler

Spillane

Busch

et al. 2010

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: The question of whether abstinence during the months following a planned quit attempt exacerbates or improves depressive symptoms is an important clinical issue. Extant research has primarily modeled between-person covariation between postquit abstinence and depressive symptom trajectories. However, this approach cannot account for potential third variables between participants that may affect both smoking and depression. Accordingly, the current study examined within-person covariation between time-varying abstinence and depressive symptom in a multilevel model (MLM), which allowed for transitions between smoking statuses within a participant.Methods: Participants were 236 heavy drinking smokers in a randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy of incorporating brief alcohol intervention into smoking cessation treatment. Depressive symptoms and biochemically verified abstinence were assessed 1 week prior to and 2, 8, 16, and 26 weeks after quit date.Results: MLMs indicated a slight increase in depressive symptoms over time in the sample as a whole. However, there was an inverse relation between time-varying abstinence (vs. smoking) and concurrent level of depressive symptoms, indicating that transitions from smoking to abstinence within individuals were associated with reductions in depressive symptoms. Conclusions:During the first 6 months following a planned quit attempt, being abstinent in a particular week appears to be associated with lower levels of concurrent depressive symptoms. These results are not concordant with the view that intentional smoking abstinence exacerbates depressive symptoms. Efforts to promote smoking cessation should highlight that individuals are likely to feel more rather than less psychologically healthy when they successfully quit smoking.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Varying Smoking Abstinence Predicts Lower Depressive Symptoms Following Smoking Cessation Treatment

Kahler

Spillane

Busch

et al. 2010

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…The PAIPO device might not have helped in coping with some of the psychological/behavioural aspects of tobacco dependence in the low GN-SBQ group, thus failing to meet the expectations of these smokers undergoing the smokingcessation programme. Experience by itself this failure would constitute an additional stressor, and its associated decrease in self-efficacy should produce an increased negative effect [24]. This is likely to be the cause for an additional sense of failure and more stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a nicotine-free inhalator as part of a smoking-cessation programme

Caponnetto¹,

Cibella²,

Mancuso³

et al. 2011

European Respiratory Journal

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Smoking-cessation drugs are inadequate at addressing the behavioural component of tobacco dependence. Nicotine-free inhalators are plastic devices that may provide a coping mechanism for conditioned smoking by replacing some of the rituals associated with smoking gestures. This study assessed the effect of using a nicotine-free inhalator to improve success in a cessation programme.At baseline, 120 smokers attending a smoking-cessation programme were assessed for their sociodemographic factors, smoking history, depression, physical and behavioural dependence, and motivation. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups, nicotine-free inhalator group (PAIPO; Echos Srl, Milan, Italy) versus reference group.For the whole sample, no significant difference was found in quit rates at 24 weeks between the PAIPO group and the reference group. However, the quit rate in the PAIPO group (66.7%) was more than three-fold higher than the reference group (19.2%) for those individuals with high Glover-Nilsson Smoking Behavioural Questionnaire (GN-SBQ) scores at baseline. The results of the logistic model analysis indicate that a high GN-SBQ score is a strong independent predictor for successful quitting at 24 weeks (OR 8.88; 95% CI 2.08-37.94) in the PAIPO group.Nicotine-free inhalators may be beneficial when used in the context of smoking-cessation interventions, particularly for those smokers for whom handling and manipulation of their cigarettes plays an important part in the ritual of smoking.

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“…Smokers usually report reduced stress levels after smoking (Coan, 1973;McArthur et al, 1958;Parrott, 1995); and some adolescents use smoking as a mechanism to cope with stressors (Koval et al, 2004). On the other hand, smokers, particularly during adolescence, reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress than nonsmokers (Croghan et al, 2006;Finkelstein et al, 2006), and quitting smoking leads to reduced stress (Carey et al, 1993;Chassin et al, 2002;Cohen and Lichtenstein, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Nicotine Self-Administration Augments Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Responses to Mild Acute Stress

Chen

Sharp

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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We investigated the effect of chronic nicotine self-administration (SA) on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hormonal responses to acute stressors. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given access to nicotine (0.03 mg/kg) for 23 h per day for 20 days. On day 1 of acquisition of nicotine SA, plasma levels of both adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone were significantly increased 15-30 min after the first dose of nicotine. These hormonal changes were no longer significant on day 3, when adrenocorticotropin levels were o60 pg/ml and corticosterone levels were o110 ng/ml during the hour after the first dose of nicotine. Chronic nicotine SA (20 days) significantly augmented (2-3-fold) both hormonal responses to mild foot shock stress (0.6 mA, 0.5 s per shock, 5 shocks per 5 min), but did not affect hormonal responses to moderate shock (1.2 mA, 0.5 s per shock, 5 shocks per 5 min), lipopolysaccharide or immobilization. Similar data were obtained in Lewis rats. These results provide further support for the concept that chronic nicotine SA is a stressor. In alignment with the effects of other stressors, nicotine activated the HPA axis on the first day of SA, but desensitization occurred with repeated exposure. Furthermore, chronic nicotine SA selectively cross-sensitized the HPA response to a novel stressor. These observations suggest that nicotine may selectively increase the HPA response to stressors in human smokers.

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Long-term psychological sequelae of smoking cessation and relapse.

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Time-Varying Smoking Abstinence Predicts Lower Depressive Symptoms Following Smoking Cessation Treatment

Time-Varying Smoking Abstinence Predicts Lower Depressive Symptoms Following Smoking Cessation Treatment

Effect of a nicotine-free inhalator as part of a smoking-cessation programme

Chronic Nicotine Self-Administration Augments Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Responses to Mild Acute Stress

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