Long-term influence of mowing on population dynamics in the rare orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica: The importance of recruitment and seed production

Sletvold, Nina; Øien, Dag‐Inge; Moen, Asbjørn

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.017

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Sletvold et al . ; Sletvold, Øien & Moen ). The growing season (number of days between first and last 5‐day period after snowmelt with a mean temperature above 5°C) is on average 5.5 days shorter in the Sølendet nature reserve compared to the Tågdalen nature reserve (122 vs. 127.5 days; estimates based on data from 1980 to 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonlinear costs of reproduction in a long‐lived plant

Sletvold

Ågren

2015

Journal of Ecology

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Summary 1.A trade-off between current reproduction and future performance is a key component of lifehistory theory, but the shape of this trade-off for any specific fitness component remains elusive. 2. We induced three to five levels of reproductive effort (RE) by manipulating fruit set of a longlived orchid in two populations that differed in the length of the growing season and local climate and examined survival, size and fecundity the following year. 3. Natural fruit set was 72% higher in the long-season population, but was not associated with a significant survival cost in any population. Survival decreased linearly with experimentally increased RE in the short-season population. In both populations, natural RE incurred growth and fecundity costs, and growth costs increased nonlinearly with diminishing costs at high RE. Fecundity costs increased linearly with RE in the long-season population, but nonlinearly with diminishing costs at high RE in the other.4. The results demonstrate that the shape of the cost function may be nonlinear with context-dependent intercept, slope and curvature. They are consistent with the prediction that survival costs appear only when RE exceeds natural levels, while growth and fecundity costs are evident at natural RE. 5. Synthesis. We suggest that studies inducing multiple levels of RE are required to understand lifehistory trade-offs and their context dependence. This kind of information is fundamental for an understanding of the link between environmental heterogeneity, adaptive differentiation and lifehistory evolution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All missing individuals had an intact tag but no above‐ground parts, and were considered dead. Some of the missing individuals may be dormant rather than dead, but long‐term monitoring of individual plants in the study populations suggests that dormancy is rare (Sletvold, Øien & Moen ; Sletvold et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear costs of reproduction in a long‐lived plant

Sletvold

Ågren

2015

Journal of Ecology

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“…Dactylorhiza lapponica is self-compatible, but depends on pollinators for successful fruit set (N. Sletvold, unpublished data). Low levels of fruit set are common (20-30%; Sletvold et al 2010b). …”

Section: Study Species and Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Nonadditive effects of floral display and spur length on reproductive success in a deceptive orchid

Sletvold

Ågren

2011

Ecology

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Abstract. Pollinators may mediate selection on traits affecting pollinator attraction and effectiveness, and while nonadditive effects of traits influencing the two components of pollination success are expected when seed production is pollen limited, they have been little studied. In a factorial design, we manipulated one putative attraction trait (number of flowers) and one putative efficiency trait (spur length) previously shown to be subject to pollinatormediated selection in the deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica. Removal of half of the flowers reduced pollen removal, proportion of flowers receiving pollen, fruit set, and fruit mass compared to unmanipulated plants, while spur-tip removal increased fruit set and fruit mass but did not affect pollen removal or proportion of flowers receiving pollen. The effect of spurtip removal on fruit mass was stronger among plants with intact number of flowers compared to plants with experimentally reduced number of flowers. The results demonstrate that number of flowers and spur length are direct targets of selection and may affect female fitness nonadditively. More generally, they show that the adaptive value of a given trait can depend on floral context and illustrate how experimental approaches can advance our understanding of the evolution of trait combinations.

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“…Dactylorhiza lapponica is self-compatible, but depends on pollinators for successful fruit set (N Sletvold, unpublished). Low levels of fruit set are typical (20-30%; Sletvold et al, 2010). Fruits mature 3-5 wk after pollination, and the minute seeds are dispersed by wind in autumn.…”

Section: Study Species and Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Pollinator‐mediated selection on floral display, spur length and flowering phenology in the deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica

Grindeland²,

2010

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Summary• Nonrewarding animal-pollinated plants commonly experience severe pollen limitation, which should result in strong selection on traits affecting the success of pollination. However, the importance of pollinators as selective agents on floral traits in deceptive species has not been quantified experimentally.• Here, we quantified pollinator-mediated selection (Db poll ) on floral morphology and start of flowering in the deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica by subtracting estimates of selection gradients for plants receiving supplemental handpollination from estimates obtained for open-pollinated control plants.• There was directional selection for taller plants with more flowers and longer spurs, but no statistically significant selection on corolla size or flowering start. Pollinator-mediated selection accounted for all observed selection on spur length (Db poll = 0.32), 76% of the selection on plant height (Db poll = 0.19) and 42% of the selection on number of flowers (Db poll = 0.30). Sixteen per cent of developing fruits were consumed by insect herbivores, but fruit herbivory had only minor effects on the strength of pollinator-mediated selection.• Our results demonstrate that pollinators mediate selection on floral traits likely to affect both pollinator attraction and pollination efficiency, and are consistent with the hypothesis that deceptive species experience strong selection for increased display and mechanical fit between flower and pollinator.

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Long-term influence of mowing on population dynamics in the rare orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica: The importance of recruitment and seed production

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

Nonlinear costs of reproduction in a long‐lived plant

Nonlinear costs of reproduction in a long‐lived plant

Nonadditive effects of floral display and spur length on reproductive success in a deceptive orchid

Pollinator‐mediated selection on floral display, spur length and flowering phenology in the deceptive orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica

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