Long Term Effects of Acid Irrigation at the Höglwald on Seepage Water Chemistry and Nutrient Cycling

Weis, Wendelin; Baier, Roland; Huber, Christian; Göttlein, Axel

doi:10.1007/s11267-006-9105-7

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…losses may be critical for the nextgeneration trees. At the HW the primarily concern is the contamination of seepage water with NO 3 -and ongoing soil acidification (see Weis et al 2007). The critical point for forest management at sites like HW is the reduction of NO 3 -leaching and subsequent base cations losses during the whole rotation cycle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Cl -is generally small. In contrast, adsorption of SO 4 2-can be significant; recent SO 4 2-concentrations at HW were still influenced from periods of higher SO 4 2-input during the 1960s and 1970s (Weis et al 2007). While a decrease in SO 4 2-was observed at HW, the effects at BH were small despite reduced SO 4 2-(due to the absence of the canopy).…”

Section: Aluminium Leachingmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Ion concentrations and fluxes of seepage water before and after clear cutting of Norway spruce stands at Ballyhooly, Ireland, and Höglwald, Germany

Huber

Aherne

Weis³

et al. 2010

Biogeochemistry

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Ion concentrations and fluxes in seepage water (below the main rooting zone) were compared before and after clear cutting at two similar long-term experimental Norway spruce forest plots. While Ballyhooly (Ireland) was influenced by sea salt deposition, Höglwald (Germany) received high nitrogen (N) deposition. These differences were reflected in seepage water concentrations with sodium (Na ? ) and chloride (Cl -) dominating at Ballyhooly and high nitrate (NO 3 -) and aluminium concentrations at Höglwald. Following clear cutting of the forest plots, NO 3 -concentrations peaked (Ballyhooly: 2018 lmol c L -1 , Höglwald: 2595 lmol c L -1 ). Moreover, at Ballyhooly, NO 3 -concentrations and fluxes were continuously elevated for *1.5 years. At Höglwald, the clear cut plot, which was replanted with spruce and beech saplings, exhibited periodically elevated NO 3 -concentrations with two distinct peaks. However, low concentrations, compared to the control (uncut) plot, were also observed. Further, at Höglwald a plot with a pre-existing dense natural regeneration of Norway spruce exhibited much lower NO 3 -concentrations before and after clear cutting. Nonetheless, NO 3 -concentrations following clear cut at both sites were elevated at least periodically above European drinking water standards (50 mg L -1 ). An important prerequisite for NO 3 -leaching is that forests are N saturated or at least not N-limited; consequently chronic elevated N deposition may lead to increased deterioration of seepage water quality across Europe following forest disturbances (harvesting, windthrow, insect attacks). Clear cutting at Ballyhooly was responsible for significant element loss, especially of potassium, N and calcium, while magnesium loss was compensated by high sea salt inputs. At Höglwald the contamination of seepage water with NO 3 -has been the main problem for more than 20 years at the mature stand. A pre-existing regeneration can help to reduce NO 3 -and cation leaching after cutting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aluminium Leachingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Ion concentrations and fluxes of seepage water before and after clear cutting of Norway spruce stands at Ballyhooly, Ireland, and Höglwald, Germany

Huber

Aherne

Weis³

et al. 2010

Biogeochemistry

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“…A surprisingly small variation in the nitrogen concentrations was found, although other parameters of the nitrogen cycle are highly variable at our site (Huber et al 2004b;Weis et al 2007). A high, but not excessive luxurious supply of nitrogen could be found in the youngest needles.…”

Section: Dbh-classes [Cm] Frequency [%]mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Element Xuxes with the seepage water were calculated from seepage water chemistry and modelled water Xuxes as described in Huber et al (2004bHuber et al ( , 2006a and Weis et al (2007). Seepage water was sampled monthly using gravitation lysimeters installed below the organic layer, and suction cup lysimeters in 20, 40, and 175 cm soil depth (5-10 replicates per plot and soil depth).…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Element concentrations and storage in the aboveground biomass of limed and unlimed Norway spruce trees at Höglwald

et al. 2009

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Twenty years after the application of dolomitic limestone to a well growing, mature Norway spruce stand at Höglwald, Southern Germany an amount of magnesium equal to the input by liming has left the rooting zone. However, 80% of the applied calcium was retained by the ecosystem. A detailed biomass investigation was carried out in order to elaborate whether the stand shows any nutritional beneWts and if the aboveground tree biomass represents a sink for calcium and magnesium after liming. Stem wood, bark, branches, twigs, and needles were analysed for the major nutrients. Needles showed higher calcium and magnesium concentrations and signiWcantly lower potassium concentrations on the limed plot. Surprisingly, limed trees had signiWcantly lower magnesium concentrations in the bark but higher concentrations in twigs and needles than unlimed trees. In addition, signiWcantly lower concentrations for potassium, sulphur, and phosphorus were measured in the bark of limed trees, whereas the element concentrations in the wood were rather similar between the two treatments. The low potassium concentrations in bark and needles indicate an impeded potassium uptake after liming presumably due to a calcium potassium antagonism. Magnesium is probably used to compensate the relative lack of potassium. The small diVerences in the calculated nutrient storage of limed and unlimed trees, however, suggest that the aboveground biomass can be excluded as a relevant sink for the applied calcium and magnesium at the Höglwald site.

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“…The predominant humus form is moder. Soil texture ranges from loamy sand to sandy loam (Sand:~38%, Silt:~33%, Clay:~29%) (Weis et al 2007). No coarse material >2 mm is present in the mineral soil (Huber et al 2004b).…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial N turnover processes in three forest soil layers following clear cutting of an N saturated mature spruce stand

et al. 2010

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Microbial N turnover processes were investigated in three different forest soil layers [organic (O) layer, 0-10 cm depth (M 1 ), 10-40 cm depth (M 2 )] after the clear cutting of a nitrogen (N) saturated spruce stand at the Höglwald Forest (Bavaria, Germany). The aim of the study was to provide detailed insight into soil-layer specific microbial production and the consumption of inorganic N within the main rooting zone. Furthermore, we intended to clarify the relevance of each soil layer investigated in respect of the observed high spatial variation of seepage water nitrate (NO 3 − ) concentration at a depth of 40 cm. The buried bag and the 15 N pool dilution techniques were applied to determine the net and gross N turnover rates. In addition, soil pH, C:N ratio, pool sizes of soil ammonium (NH 4 + ) and NO 3 − , as well as quantities of microbial biomass carbon (C mic ) and nitrogen (N mic ) were determined. The 40 cm thick upper mineral soil was found to be the main place of NO 3 − production with a NO 3 − supply or net nitrification three times higher than in the considerably thinner O layer. Nevertheless, O layer nitrification processes determined via in situ field experiments showed significant correlation with seepage water NO 3− . An improved correlation noted several months after the cut may result from a transport-induced time shift of NO 3 − with downstream hydrological pathways. In contrast, the soil laboratory incubation experiments found no indication that mineral soil is relevant for the spatial heterogeneity of seepage water NO 3 − . The results from our study imply that in situ experiments may be better suited to studies investigating N turnover in relation to NO 3 − loss via seepage water in similar ecosystems in order to gain representative data.

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Long Term Effects of Acid Irrigation at the Höglwald on Seepage Water Chemistry and Nutrient Cycling

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Ion concentrations and fluxes of seepage water before and after clear cutting of Norway spruce stands at Ballyhooly, Ireland, and Höglwald, Germany

Ion concentrations and fluxes of seepage water before and after clear cutting of Norway spruce stands at Ballyhooly, Ireland, and Höglwald, Germany

Element concentrations and storage in the aboveground biomass of limed and unlimed Norway spruce trees at Höglwald

Microbial N turnover processes in three forest soil layers following clear cutting of an N saturated mature spruce stand

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