Long-term Changes of Disinfection Byproducts in Treatment of Simulated Ballast Water

Abstract

This study investigated the changes in concentrations of haloacetic acids (HAAs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) as disinfection byproducts (DBPs) for different storage times (as long as 20 days) and temperatures (5 to 20°C). A ship's voyage after treatment of its ballast water with active substances was considered. The HAA showed a clear trend of increasing concentration only with storage time, especially for dibromoacetic acid (DBAA). Dissolved organic nitrogen concentration was increased by the decomposition of dead organisms at 10 days, and then reacted with the remaining total residual oxidants, resulting in increased concentration of DBPs. An environmental risk assessment indicated that DBAN and monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) could have a negative impact on the marine environment. This study suggests that, because all international vessels must have a ballast water management system installed by September, 2024, the concentrations of DBPs, especially DBAN, MCAA, and DBAA, should be monitored in the waters at major international ports.

Ballast Water Treatment Performance Evaluation under Real Changing Conditions

“…In the eighth trial of sequential ballasting, it was found that the residual TRO concentration in the ballast water tank was maintained, inferred because the amount of neutralizing agent that had to be injected increased by a factor of two over other periods during deballasting (Table 3). However, future research into the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) will be necessary, because in maintaining the residual TRO concentration and using electrolysis devices during deballasting it may be possible to form more disinfection byproducts than occurs using the approved operational method [25]. An approach to compensating for the shortcomings of filter clogging in the presence of high suspended solid concentrations, the problem of TRO formation in fresh water areas and the rapid reduction of residual TRO by organic substances, is to treat ballast water using an in-tank method using TROs.…”

Ecological impacts of ballast water loading and discharge: insight into the toxicity and accumulation of disinfection by-products

“…Despite their great and reliable efficiencies, a concern was raised due to the environmental effect caused by the application of disinfection, known as DBPs ( Delacroix et al., 2013 ; Shah et al., 2015 ; Ziegler et al., 2019 ). These chemicals are the results of the used reagent with natural characteristics of water ( Ziegler et al., 2019 ) or originated from the reactions between total residual oxidants (TRO) and the dead organisms in storage during voyage ( Jang and Cha, 2020 ). Considerable research highlighting the DBPs from various on-dock ballast water treatments is summarized in Table 3 .…”

“… • DBPs resulted from the reactions of decomposed dead organisms with TRO during the storage time. Jang and Cha (2020) Electrochemical Chlorine THM • 2,2,4-Tribromo-5-hydroxy-4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione was formed as the result of dissolved organic matter reactions with Br. Gonsior et al.…”

“…(2019) Oxidation • MCAA • DBAN Aquatic organisms • Risk assessment showed that both compounds have high risk to marine ecosystem. Jang and Cha (2020) Oxidation • Iodoacetic acid Mammals • Cell cytotoxicity • Genotoxicity Krasner et al. (2006) Ozonation • DBAN Aquatic organisms • Acutely toxic to Pimephales promelas Summerson et al.…”

LED Module Calibration Strategy to Improve Measurement Accuracy of TRO Concentration

“…The main sterilization processes of BWMS include electrolysis, the input of active substances such as ozone, UV irradiation, and heat treatment [5][6][7]. The electrolysis of water is the most widely used because of its cost and effectiveness [8].…”