Long-term air pollution exposure and incident stroke in American older adults: A national cohort study

Ma, Tszshan; Yazdi, Mahdieh Danesh; Schwartz, Joel; Réquia, Weeberb J.; Di, Qian; Wei, Yaguang; Chang, Howard H.; Vaccarino, Viola; Liu, Pengfei; Shi, Liuhua

doi:10.1016/j.gloepi.2022.100073

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This was because if a beneficiary spent any time in the Medicare Advantage Plans (Part C), or only one of Parts A or B during the study period, there was the possibility that the cancer claims were not available for CCW. 23 For each cancer, we constructed a separate cohort in which each beneficiary was followed since 2000 or entering the study. To allow for the assessment of the exposure effects over the 10 years before cancer diagnosis, we implemented an inclusion criterion that required a minimum follow-up period of 10 years after enrollment, during which no cancer diagnosis occurred.…”

Section: Study Population and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive effects of 10-year exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 and primary cancer incidence in American older adults

Wei,

Danesh Yazdi,

et al. 2023

Environmental Epidemiology

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Background: Epidemiologic evidence on the relationships between air pollution and the risks of primary cancers other than lung cancer remained largely lacking. We aimed to examine associations of 10-year exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with risks of breast, prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. Methods: For each cancer, we constructed a separate cohort among the national Medicare beneficiaries during 2000 to 2016. We simultaneously examined the additive associations of six exposures, namely, moving average exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 over the year of diagnosis and previous 2 years, previous 3 to 5 years, and previous 6 to 10 years, with the risk of first cancer diagnosis after 10 years of follow-up, during which there was no cancer diagnosis. Results: The cohorts included 2.2 to 6.5 million subjects for different cancers. Exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 were associated with increased risks of colorectal and prostate cancers but were not associated with endometrial cancer risk. NO2 was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer, while the association for PM2.5 remained inconclusive. At exposure levels below the newly updated World Health Organization Air Quality Guideline, we observed substantially larger associations between most exposures and the risks of all cancers, which were translated to hundreds to thousands new cancer cases per year within the cohort per unit increase in each exposure. Conclusions: These findings suggested substantial cancer burden was associated with exposures to PM2.5 and NO2, emphasizing the urgent need for strategies to mitigate air pollution levels.

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Section: Study Population and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive effects of 10-year exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 and primary cancer incidence in American older adults

Wei,

Danesh Yazdi,

et al. 2023

Environmental Epidemiology

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“…Studies conducted in 2010 [ 37 ] highlighted the association between elevated levels of PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, SO2, and O3, and the occurrence of depression in the elderly population, and emotional instability and suicide attempts among adolescents. In addition, the experimental exposure of laboratory animals to high levels of PM2.5 led to the expression of depressive states and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus, while exposure to nanoparticles in the prenatal period led to behavioral disorders at the age of maturity [ 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Effects Of Ap On Brain Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution and Its Devastating Effects on the Central Nervous System

Sîrbu¹,

Ștefan

Dumitru³

et al. 2022

Healthcare

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Air pollution is a real public health problem, it being one of the five most common causes of mortality in developing countries. However, pollution studies have focused on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in recent decades. Recently, researchers have moved towards a new direction, tracing a direct link between pollution and stroke. Stroke has many known risk factors such as smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, and hypertension. Pollution is universally widespread, already a matter of public interest, so that, although intuitive, it is difficult to connect the two. The particles found in the air that we breathe, regardless of their origin, can attack the body in different ways, causing inflammation, and triggering a true cascade of phenomena that end up attacking the central nervous system and other organs. This article tries to explain the series of phenomena that determine the harmful effect of particles present in the air, with an increased focus on the central nervous system and especially on strokes. A deeper understanding of these phenomena helps in guiding future studies and finding viable solutions to protect people at risk.

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“…Predominantly, this is due to the strong correlations between NO 2 and other combustion-derived air pollutants, especially PM. Many studies [ 7 , 14 , 26 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ] underline a positive correlation between NO 2 and PM 2.5 . In some studies, NO 2 has been proposed as a surrogate for PM [ 115 , 116 ]; in others, the confounding effects of PM 2.5 are also underlined [ 88 , 117 ].…”

Section: Considerations and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among ambient air pollutants most commonly investigated are particulate matter (PM) with diameters < 10 μm and <2.5 μm (PM 2.5 , PM 10 ), as well as nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ). To a lesser extent, studies included general air pollution of gases such as ozone (O 3 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and carbon monoxide (CO), as well as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) such as metals and volatile organic compounds (VOC) [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Health effects are analyzed in a wide range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic or Antagonistic Health Effects of Long- and Short-Term Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5: A Review

Mainka

Żak

2022

IJERPH

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Studies on adverse health effects associated with air pollution mostly focus on individual pollutants. However, the air is a complex medium, and thus epidemiological studies face many challenges and limitations in the multipollutant approach. NO2 and PM2.5 have been selected as both originating from combustion processes and are considered to be the main pollutants associated with traffic; moreover, both elicit oxidative stress responses. An answer to the question of whether synergistic or antagonistic health effects of combined pollutants are demonstrated by pollutants monitored in ambient air is not explicit. Among the analyzed studies, only a few revealed statistical significance. Exposure to a single pollutant (PM2.5 or NO2) was mostly associated with a small increase in non-accidental mortality (HR:1.01–1.03). PM2.5 increase of <10 µg/m3 adjusted for NO2 as well as NO2 adjusted for PM2.5 resulted in a slightly lower health risk than a single pollutant. In the case of cardiovascular heart disease, mortality evoked by exposure to PM2.5 or NO2 adjusted for NO2 and PM2.5, respectively, revealed an antagonistic effect on health risk compared to the single pollutant. Both short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 or NO2 adjusted for NO2 and PM2.5, respectively, revealed a synergistic effect appearing as higher mortality from respiratory diseases.

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Long-term air pollution exposure and incident stroke in American older adults: A national cohort study

Cited by 18 publications

References 61 publications

Additive effects of 10-year exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 and primary cancer incidence in American older adults

Additive effects of 10-year exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 and primary cancer incidence in American older adults

Air Pollution and Its Devastating Effects on the Central Nervous System

Synergistic or Antagonistic Health Effects of Long- and Short-Term Exposure to Ambient NO2 and PM2.5: A Review

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