Long-Lived Room Temperature Phosphorescence Crystals with Green Light Excitation

Abstract

Long-lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are promising for applications in various fields including security information, medical diagnostics, and molecular imaging because of their unique optical properties. Previous RTP materials are mainly excited by ultraviolet light, while synthesizing long-lived RTP materials with visible-light-excitation remains a challenge. In particular, long-lived RTP materials that can be excited by green light are rare. Herein, a feasible and concise chemical strategy for constructing hydrogen-bonded frameworks in an aqueous environment is developed to fabricate large-size, green-light-excited, and excitation-dependent long-lived RTP carbon dot crystals (m,p/CDs-ME). The RTP performance of the crystals exhibits strong excitation wavelength dependence, leading to a full range of visible-light tuning from blue to red. Importantly, the maximum excitation wavelength of the RTP crystals is around 500 nm, thus successfully realizing green light excitation. m,p/CDs-ME presents long-lived phosphorescence (130 ms) under 500 nm excitation in aqueous solution, making it highly suitable for dopamine detection. This work not only provides a general guideline for the development of large size long-lived RTP crystals but also extends the operation scope of long-lived RTP materials in the detection of biomarkers by visible light excitation.

Evolution and fabrication of carbon dot-based room temperature phosphorescence materials

“…Realizing the final application is the value of a material. 110,126,127,[144][145][146][147][148][149][150] information encryption, 113,115,118,119,121,123,128,[151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160] sensor detection, 114,124,129,130,147,[161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174] LEDs, [175][176][177][178]…”

“…The organic crystal structures include urea, cyanuric acid and melamine, while inorganic crystal structures include sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, boric acid and so on. 46–48,70,72–76,78,79,82,120–130 For example, Wang et al 124 proposed a molten salt method for the preparation of CD-based RTP materials by selecting high charge density magnesium salts and phosphates as doping salts, and calcining the carbon source directly in the presence of inorganic salts (Fig. 3E).…”

“…It allows significantly increased time to visualize cell states, enables speedy detection, and also facilitates bioimaging and detection. Generally speaking, the RTP material based on CDs possesses huge application prospects in the field of anti-counterfeiting, 110,126,127,144–150 information encryption, 113,115,118,119,121,123,128,151–160 sensor detection, 114,124,129,130,147,161–174 LEDs, 175–179 biological imaging, 134,180,181 logic gates, 133 fluorescent ink 112,182–184 and other fields 116,117,122,185–195 with the properties of DF, TADF, long afterglow life and adjustable afterglow color.…”

Green Room-Temperature Phosphorescent Carbon Dots with a Lifetime of around 1 s

“…The Yang group 41 achieved green RTP CDs with 590 ms using 1,3,5benzenetricarboxylic acid fixed in B 2 O 3 . Zheng et al 42 using mphenylenediamine and phosphoric acid as precursors, and melamine as a matrix, realized the green RTP lifetimes of 634 and 216 ms under the excitation of 400 and 500 nm at ambient conditions, respectively. Despite these inspiring advances, the current RTP lifetime does not yet meet the application requirements, and further improvements are needed, particularly in extending the green RTP lifetime of CDs.…”

Cluster-luminescent polysiloxane nanomaterials: adjustable full-color ultralong room temperature phosphorescence and a highly sensitive response to silver ions

“…[14][15][16] The so-called "clusters" are aggregates formed in space by functional groups through some weak interactions. At present, cluster induced phosphorescence (CIP), even long-lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) or afterglow, have been realized through crystal engineering [17][18][19][20] and polymerization induction. 21 However, CIP efficiency is highly dependent on the morphology of the material, requiring high crystal quality (for small molecules) 22,23 or large molecular weight (for polymers).…”