Long‐COVID syndrome‐associated brain fog and chemofog: Luteolin to the rescue

Tc, Theoharides; Cholevas, Christos; Polyzoidis, Konstantinos S.; Politis, Antonios

doi:10.1002/biof.1726

Cited by 144 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…The holistic approach to treatment should extend to the services offered, with professionals including occupational and speech and language therapists addressing cognitive changes 190. Cognitive impairment in long covid, sometimes called “brain fog,” has been compared to “chemobrain.”191 The Mayo clinic recommendations suggest strategies to manage chemobrain including repeating exercises, tracking what influences deficits, and using stress relief and coping strategies. Furthermore, medications including methylphenidate, donepezil, modafinil, and memantine may be considered 192.…”

Section: Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management

Crook

Raza

Nowell

et al. 2021

BMJ

1,056

972

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Since its emergence in Wuhan, China, covid-19 has spread and had a profound effect on the lives and health of people around the globe. As of 4 July 2021, more than 183 million confirmed cases of covid-19 had been recorded worldwide, and 3.97 million deaths. Recent evidence has shown that a range of persistent symptoms can remain long after the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this condition is now coined long covid by recognized research institutes. Studies have shown that long covid can affect the whole spectrum of people with covid-19, from those with very mild acute disease to the most severe forms. Like acute covid-19, long covid can involve multiple organs and can affect many systems including, but not limited to, the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems. The symptoms of long covid include fatigue, dyspnea, cardiac abnormalities, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbances, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, muscle pain, concentration problems, and headache. This review summarizes studies of the long term effects of covid-19 in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients and describes the persistent symptoms they endure. Risk factors for acute covid-19 and long covid and possible therapeutic options are also discussed.

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Section: Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These strategies may prove useful for long covid. Specific to long covid, luteolin, a natural flavonoid, may alleviate cognitive impairment by inhibiting mast cell and microglia activation,191 but clinical trials are required.…”

Section: Guidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management

Crook

Raza

Nowell

et al. 2021

BMJ

1,056

972

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…'Brain fog' is a colloquial term being used to describe the cognitive difficulties faced by a large group of patients following COVID-19. Neuroinflammation, resulting from the pathogenic and stress stimuli, is the proposed mechanism for this condition, though concrete evidence is yet to be seen [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent Symptoms in Post-COVID-19 Patients Attending Follow-Up OPD at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH), Kathmandu, Nepal

et al. 2021

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The long-term effects of COVID-19 among survivors is a matter of concern. This research aimed to study persistent symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients attending a follow-up clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. All patients, presenting to the outpatient clinic during the study duration of six weeks, with history of positive reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) at least two weeks prior to presentation, were included. The duration of follow-up ranged from 15 till 150 days with the mean duration of 28 days after diagnosis of COVID-19. Of 118 patients, 43 (36.4%) had a history of mild COVID-19, 15 (12.8%) had moderate, and 60 (50.8%) had severe. At the time of presentation, 97 (82.2%) patients reported that they had at least one persistent/new symptom beyond two weeks from the diagnosis of COVID-19. Dyspnea, fatigue, chest heaviness, and cough were the commonest persistent complaints in 48 (40.7%), 39 (33.1%), 33 (28%), and 32 (27.1%) patients, respectively. The findings in our study highlight the need for extended monitoring of post-COVID-19 patients following discharge, in order to understand and mitigate long-term implications of the disease.

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“…The symptoms of long-COVID can vary widely, but it is quite clear that the neurological symptoms (affecting about 50% of post-COVID patients) are strongly linked. A persistent challenge to the immune system, low-grade neuroinflammation, mainly driven by IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, causes cognitive decline, depression, and persistent fatigue [ 6 ].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Pandemic: An Inflammatory Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Inflammatory Reaction in Health and Disease

Fioranelli

Flavin²,

Linda³

2021

IJMS

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Inflammation is a key mechanism for the clearance of infective agents and other inflammatory triggers and is pivotal for the repairing processes of the affected tissues. Inflammation is a multistep process driven by a great number of mediators which regulate specific aspects of the inflammatory response, in agreement with a well-defined chronobiological program. A great number of inflammation-related diseases show a deeply altered immune chronobiology (e.g., COVID-19-related cytokines storm). This aspect highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the inflammatory phenomenon. It is fundamental to study inflammation as a multilevel phenomenon. Of particular interest is the low-grade chronic inflammation, which is an etiological factor of many chronic diseases. Nowadays, the therapeutic approach to low grade chronic inflammation is one of the great challenges of traditional pharmacology. Currently, no drugs specifically designed for the treatment of chronic inflammatory forms are available. Today, bioregulatory systems medicine (BrSM) and low dose medicine (LDM), two pharmacological paradigms grounded in systems medicine, potentially represent new tools for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Scientific research has assessed the effectiveness and safety of both these therapeutic approaches, in particular for the management of chronic inflammatory conditions and chronic immunological dysregulations.

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Long‐COVID syndrome‐associated brain fog and chemofog: Luteolin to the rescue

Cited by 144 publications

References 169 publications

Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management

Long covid—mechanisms, risk factors, and management

Persistent Symptoms in Post-COVID-19 Patients Attending Follow-Up OPD at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital (STIDH), Kathmandu, Nepal

Regulation of Inflammatory Reaction in Health and Disease

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