Long-Acting (Depot) D-TRP-6 LH-RH (Decapeptyl) in Prostate Cancer An Italian Multicentric Trial

Boccardo, Francesco; DeCensi, Andrea; Guarneri, Domenico; Rubagotti, Alessandra; Martorana, Giuseppe; Giberti, Claudio; Gb, Cerruti; Tani, F; Zanollo, A; Germinale, T

doi:10.1097/00000421-198801102-00033

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…A recent metaanalysis encompassing a large sample size (11,900 cases) reported small benefits (12% additional decrease in disease recurrence rate) associated with GnRH analogues in the treatment of steroid receptor-positive breast cancer when used in combination with tamoxifen (5). On the other hand, GnRH agonists are widely and effectively used clinically to suppress androgen levels and extend survival in men with advanced prostate cancer (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Levels and Cell Context Affect Tumor Cell Responses to AgonistIn vitroandIn vivo

et al. 2008

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Activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptors inhibits proliferation of transformed cells derived from reproductive tissues and in transfected cell lines. Hence, GnRH receptors represent a therapeutic target for direct action of GnRH analogues on certain proliferating cells. However, more cell biological data are required to develop this particular application of GnRH analogues. Therefore, we compared the effects of GnRH receptor activation in transfected HEK293 cells (HEK293 [SCL60] ) with transfected human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and EFO21, human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells, and rat neuroblastoma B35 cells. Marked differences in receptor levels, magnitude of inositol phosphate generation, and dynamics of inositol phosphate turnover occurred in the different cells. Activation of GnRH receptors, expressed at high or moderate levels, inhibited the growth of HEK293 [SCL60] and B35 cells, respectively. Western blotting detected markers of apoptosis [cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-9] in HEK293 [SCL60] and B35 following treatment with 100 nmol/L D-Trp 6 -GnRH

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Levels and Cell Context Affect Tumor Cell Responses to AgonistIn vitroandIn vivo

et al. 2008

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“…Currently, several phase IV clinical trials have been completed or are underway in China to confirm the efficacy of arbidol in the treatment of COVID-19 (29). Arbidol was recommended to treat COVID-19 in the latest therapy guidelines issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China on August 8, 2020 (30). Baricitinib, the small viral attachment to the target host cells.…”

Section: Therapeutic Agents Targeting Sars-cov-2 Entrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there several RCTs to test its efficacy are underway, ribavirin is not recommended to treat patients with COVID-19 because of its apparent inactivity and hemolytic toxicity. In China, the latest treatment guidelines for COVID-19 (30), recommend a combination of ribavirin and lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon. However, use of ribavirin or lopinavir/ritonavir alone to treat COVID-19 is not recommended.…”

Section: Potential Therapeutic Agents Targeting Rdrpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, many protocols have approved HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19, and especially when combined with other antiviral drugs (78,84). Instead of HCQ, chloroquine phosphate is recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in the latest Chinese treatment guidelines (30). Post-exposure prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 with CQ/HCQ is not recommended in light of safety concerns (such as worsening vision, QT prolongation, hypoglycemia, and development of a rash).…”

Section: Other Potential Therapeutic Agents With Multiple Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An overview of potential therapeutic agents to treat COVID-19

Dong¹,

Tian

Shen

et al. 2020

BST

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Since China first reported an unusual type of pneumonia on December 31, 2019, the number of people identified with this pneumonia has been increasing at an alarming rate, leading to a worldwide public health emergency. This new infectious disease, officially named coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on February 11, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On March 11, 2020, the COVID-19 outbreak was officially declared a pandemic by the WHO. The disease is characterized by flu-like symptoms, such as cough, fever, myalgia, and fatigue. Although some infections are asymptomatic, many patients develop pneumonia, and some patients even develop severe and fatal respiratory diseases. As noted by the WHO, a total of 32,029,704 confirmed cases and 979,212 deaths worldwide were caused by COVID-19 as of September 25, 2020 (1). Nevertheless, there are no approved vaccines or specific drugs available for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 at this moment. Given the threat of the pandemic and urgent need for effective vaccines and antivirals, vigorous efforts are being made globally to stop the COVID-19 epidemic. Compared to de novo drug development, drug repurposing offers advantages in taking less time and involving less cost, so it may be an ideal strategy for finding and identifying effective and safe potential therapeutic agents for the disease (2). A better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virology, the underlying mechanisms by which it attacks host cells, and the host response to the infection is crucial to drug discovery and repurposing. Like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that emerged in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) that was identified in 2012, SARS-CoV-2 is a lipid-enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus that is a zoonotic β-coronavirus (3). The SARS-CoV-2 genome, first published on January 24, 2020 (4), shares a nucleotide identity of 82% with SARS-CoV (5). Studies have confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV bind to the same host cell surface receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), via their structural spike glycoprotein (S protein) (6). Host transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), along with ACE2 and virus S protein, is responsible for virus fusion and entry, and the three have been studied as potential targets for screening therapeutic compounds and repurposing drugs (7,8). In addition, many agents have been studied and identified based on virus-specific nucleic acids or proteins such as RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), 3-chymotrypsin-like protease 3Clpro (also termed Mpro), and papain-like proteases (PLpro), which play an important role in virus replication

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“…Following promising data from early trials of depot formulations of triptorelin [ 37 ], the ability of the triptorelin 3.75 mg 1-month and the triptorelin 11.25 mg 3-month formulations to achieve castration 3–4 weeks after administration and to maintain it between the injections was demonstrated in key clinical trials encompassing 14–140 men with advanced prostate cancer [ 30 , 38 – 41 ]. In the largest of these studies, castrate levels of testosterone were reached after 28 days in 91.2% of 140 men randomized to treatment with the triptorelin 3.75 mg 1-month formulation [ 40 ].…”

Section: Triptorelin As Adtmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Triptorelin: Current Thinking on Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Merseburger

Hupe

2016

Adv Ther

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Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay palliative treatment for men with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer, and aims to reduce testosterone to levels obtained by surgical castration. Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists predominates among the ADT options. The GnRH agonist, triptorelin is a first-line hormonal therapy that has demonstrated efficacy and safety in clinical trials of patients with locally advanced non-metastatic or metastatic disease. Sustained-release 1-, 3- and 6-month formulations of triptorelin, administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously, have been developed to provide improved flexibility and convenience for the patient. Head-to-head studies of GnRH agonists are lacking in the field of prostate cancer. Despite the inevitable progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in most patients receiving ADT, monitoring of testosterone levels needs to improve in routine practice and physicians should not overlook the benefits of continued ADT in their patients when introducing one of the various new treatment options for CRPC. For improved survival outcomes, there remains a need to tailor ADT treatment regimens, novel hormonal agents and chemotherapy according to the individual patient with advanced prostate cancer.

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Long-Acting (Depot) D-TRP-6 LH-RH (Decapeptyl) in Prostate Cancer An Italian Multicentric Trial

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Levels and Cell Context Affect Tumor Cell Responses to AgonistIn vitroandIn vivo

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Levels and Cell Context Affect Tumor Cell Responses to AgonistIn vitroandIn vivo

An overview of potential therapeutic agents to treat COVID-19

An Update on Triptorelin: Current Thinking on Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

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