Loneliness among Homeless Individuals during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Bertram, Franziska; Heinrich, Fabian; Fröb, Daniela; Wulff, Birgit; Ondruschka, Benjamin; Püschel, Klaus; König, Hans‐Helmut; Hajek, André

doi:10.3390/ijerph18063035

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Fear or perceived threat of COVID-19 among PEH was discussed by ten studies [ 12 , 13 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 ]. Fear varied across studies; in Los Angeles, 65% of tenants of permanent supportive housing surveyed by Henwood et al [ 85 ] in March 2020 regarded COVID-19 as a serious risk to their health, while 33% of those surveyed in Los Angeles by Kuhn et al [ 87 ] from December 2020 to February 2021 perceived it as a high threat.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEH’s perceived threat of COVID-19 impacted some aspects of their health and behaviour. In one study, increased loneliness was associated with a high self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 [ 84 ]. Kuhn et al [ 87 ] reported PEH in their study who perceived the virus as a high threat were significantly less likely to be vaccine hesitant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Scoping Review of the Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Persons Experiencing Homelessness in North America and Europe

Corey

Lyons

O'Carroll³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at heightened risk for infection, morbidity, and mortality from COVID-19. However, health consequences of the pandemic extend far beyond those directly caused by the virus. This scoping review aimed to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of PEH in North America and Europe. A systematic search of academic and grey literature was conducted in September 2021. To be included, studies had to include primary data related to the impact of the pandemic on health or well-being of PEH and be written in English. All potentially relevant references were independently screened by two reviewers, and minor conflicts were settled with input of a third reviewer. A total of 96 articles met criteria for inclusion. Data extraction was completed for all included studies, and findings synthesised and presented thematically. Numerous health impacts of the pandemic on PEH were identified, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, morbidity, mortality, and hospitalisation, fear of infection, access to housing, hygiene, PPE, food, as well as mental health, substance use, other health-related outcomes and treatment services. Gaps in the literature relating to persons using alcohol, access to mental health support, and violence were also identified. Implications for future research are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of the Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Persons Experiencing Homelessness in North America and Europe

Corey

Lyons

O'Carroll³

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is considerably higher than figures from COVID-19 research on the US adult population, which saw loneliness increase from 11% in 2018 to 13.8% in April 2020 ( McGinty et al, 2020 ). German data collected during Spring 2020 also found roughly 50% of homeless persons were experiencing loneliness, compared to 11% of the national population ( Bertram et al, 2021 ). Moreover, depressed participants within our study were significantly more likely to worry about remaining isolated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst residents of homeless shelters in France

Scarlett¹,

Davisse‐Paturet²,

Longchamps³

et al. 2021

Journal of Affective Disorders Reports

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Background Accumulating evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected global mental health and well-being. However, the impact amongst homeless persons has not been fully evaluated. The ECHO study reports factors associated with depression amongst the homeless population living in shelters in France during the Spring of 2020. Methods Interview data were collected from 527 participants living in temporary and/or emergency accommodation following France's first lockdown (02/05/20 – 07/06/20), in the metropolitan regions of Paris (74%), Lyon (19%) and Strasbourg (7%). Interviews were conducted in French, English, or with interpreters (33% of participants, ∼20 languages). Presence of depression was ascertained using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results Amongst ECHO study participants, 30% had symptoms of moderate to severe depression (PHQ-9≥ 10). Multivariate analysis revealed depression to be associated with being female (aOR: 2.15; CI: 1.26-3.69), single (aOR: 1.60; CI: 1.01-2.52), chronically ill (aOR: 2.32; CI: 1.43: 3.78), facing food insecurity (aOR: 2.12; CI: 1.40-3.22) and participants’ region of origin. Persons born African and Eastern Mediterranean regions showed higher levels of depression (30-33% of participants) than those migrating from other European countries (14%). Reduced rates of depression were observed amongst participants aged 30-49 (aOR: 0.60; CI: 0.38-0.95) and over 50 (aOR: 0.28; CI: 0.13-0.64), compared to 18-29-year-olds. Limitations These data are cross-sectional, only providing information on a given moment in time. Conclusions Our results indicate high levels of depression among homeless persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Predicted future instability and economic repercussions could particularly impact the mental health of this vulnerable group.

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“…27 Responses to the three items were summed, creating a variable ranging from 0 to 6. In line with previous use of this scale, [28][29][30] we considered loneliness as a continuous outcome.…”

Section: Lonelinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loneliness in young people: a multilevel exploration of social ecological influences and geographic variation

Marquez

Goodfellow

Hardoon³

et al. 2022

Journal of Public Health

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Background Loneliness is a growing public health concern, yet little is known about loneliness in young people. The current study aimed to identify social ecological factors related to loneliness and examine the extent to which geographic region may account for differences in loneliness. Methods The data come from a cross-sectional sample of 6503 young people living in the UK. Loneliness was measured using the UCLA 3-item scale. Bivariate analyses were used to test associations between each predictor and loneliness. Multilevel models were used to identify key social ecological factors related to loneliness, and the extent to which loneliness may vary across geographic regions (local authority districts). Results Sociodemographic, social, health and well-being, and community factors were found to be associated with loneliness. Geographic region was associated with 5–8% of the variation in loneliness. The effect of gender, sexual orientation and minority ethnic background on loneliness differed across regions. Conclusions This is the first study to highlight modifiable social and community factors related to youth loneliness, and individual vulnerabilities, such as poor mental well-being. Results related to geographic differences suggest that local-level initiatives may be most appropriate in tackling loneliness, rather than wider, less contextualized national efforts.

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Loneliness among Homeless Individuals during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

A Scoping Review of the Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Persons Experiencing Homelessness in North America and Europe

A Scoping Review of the Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Persons Experiencing Homelessness in North America and Europe

Depression during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst residents of homeless shelters in France

Loneliness in young people: a multilevel exploration of social ecological influences and geographic variation

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