Locomotion as an emergent property of muscle contractile dynamics

Biewener, Andrew A.

doi:10.1242/jeb.123935

Cited by 64 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(65 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Specimens from the Hamann-Todd Osteological collection, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH. reviews by Lieber, 2002;Lorenz and Campello, 2012;Lindstedt, 2016;Roberts, 2016;Biewener, 2016).…”

Section: Muscle-tendon Unit: Size Architecture and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MTU is composed of active contractile (sarcomeres) and passive collagen‐rich elastic components (Hill, ) that, when recruited, exert tension. While muscle contraction is a metabolically expensive function that can be documented electromyographically, recruitment of the muscle's passive elastic elements (its epimysium), and its tendons, can both store and release energy in order to dampen impulse loading (Roberts et al, ; see reviews by Lieber, 2002; Lorenz and Campello, 2012; Lindstedt, ; Roberts, ; Biewener, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Why Do Knuckle‐Walking African Apes Knuckle‐Walk?

Simpson

Latimer

Lovejoy

2018

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Among living mammals, only the African apes and some anteaters adopt knuckle-walking as their primary locomotor behavior. That Pan and Gorilla both knuckle-walk has been cited as evidence of their common ancestry and a primitive condition for a combined Homo, Pan, and Gorilla clade. Recent research on forelimb ontogeny and anatomy, in addition to recently described hominin fossils, indicate that knuckle-walking was independently acquired after divergence of the Pan and Gorilla lineages. Although the large-bodied, largely suspensory orangutan shares some aspects of the African ape bauplan, it does not regularly knuckle-walk when terrestrial. While many anatomical correlates of knuckle-walking have been identified, a functional explanation of this unusual locomotor pattern has yet to be proposed. Here, we argue that it was adopted by African apes as a means of ameliorating the consequences of repetitive impact loadings on the soft and hard tissues of the forelimb by employing isometric and/or eccentric contraction of antebrachial musculature during terrestrial locomotion. Evidence of this adaptation can be found in the differential size and fiber geometry of the forearm musculature, and differences in torso shape between the knuckle-walking and non-knuckle-walking apes (including humans). We also argue that some osteological features of the carpus and metacarpus that have been identified as adaptations to knuckle-walking are consequences of cartilage remodeling during ontogeny rather than traits limiting motion in the hand and wrist. An understanding of the functional basis of knuckle-walking provides an explanation of the locomotor parallelisms in modern Pan and Gorilla. Anat Rec, 301:496-514, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Section: Muscle-tendon Unit: Size Architecture and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do Knuckle‐Walking African Apes Knuckle‐Walk?

Simpson

Latimer

Lovejoy

2018

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Tendons display considerable variability in architectural design and mechanical properties, which are determined by articular joint geometry and locomotive functions (Biewener, 2016). Some of these functions include transmitting forces produced by large muscles capable of generating high forces, which are often referred to as prime movers of joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread diversity in the transcriptomes of functionally divergent limb tendons

Disser

Ghahramani

Swanson

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

r Tendon is a hypocellular, matrix-rich tissue that has been excluded from comparative transcriptional atlases. These atlases have provided important knowledge about biological heterogeneity between tissues, and our study addresses this important gap.r We performed measures on four of the most studied tendons, the Achilles, forepaw flexor, patellar and supraspinatus tendons of both mice and rats. These tendons are functionally distinct and are also among the most commonly injured, and therefore of important translational interest.r Approximately one-third of the filtered transcriptome was differentially regulated between Achilles, forepaw flexor, patellar and supraspinatus tendons within either mice or rats. Nearly two-thirds of the transcripts that are expressed in anatomically similar tendons were different between mice and rats.r The overall findings from this study identified that although tendons across the body share a common anatomical definition based on their physical location between skeletal muscle and bone, tendon is a surprisingly genetically heterogeneous tissue.Abstract Tendon is a functionally important connective tissue that transmits force between skeletal muscle and bone. Previous studies have evaluated the architectural designs and mechanical properties of different tendons throughout the body. However, less is known about the underlying transcriptional differences between tendons that may dictate their designs and properties. Therefore, our objective was to develop a comprehensive atlas of the transcriptome of limb tendons in adult mice and rats using systems biology techniques. We selected the Achilles, forepaw digit flexor, patellar, and supraspinatus tendons due to their divergent functions and Nathaniel Disser graduated in 2018 from Gonzaga University in Spokane, WA, where he obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Human Physiology. He is now participating in a two-year Post-Baccalaureate Research Program at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, NY. His current research interests include studying the mechanobiology of tendon and muscle during tissue growth and repair. As an aspiring physician-scientist, he hopes to improve the understanding and treatment of debilitating musculoskeletal injuries and diseases. N. P. Disser and others J Physiol 598.8 high rates of injury and tendinopathies in patients. Using RNA sequencing data, we generated the Comparative Tendon Transcriptional Database (CTTDb) that identified substantial diversity in the transcriptomes of tendons both within and across species. Approximately 30% of filtered transcripts were differentially regulated between tendons of a given species, and nearly 60% of the filtered transcripts present in anatomically similar tendons were different between species. Many of the genes that differed between tendons and across species are important in tissue specification and limb morphogenesis, tendon cell biology and tenogenesis, growth factor signalling, and production and maintenance of the extracellular matrix. This study indicate...

show abstract

“…Intrinsic factors include the ability to apply an impulse to Earth's surface via muscular contraction 18 (Biewener 2016). Understanding the mechanics underpinning locomotion are necessary for understanding 19 how structures evolved to meet the functional demands of behaving in challenging environments.…”

Section: Introduction 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning mechanics of the bipedal hopping Desert kangaroo rat (Dipodomys deserti)

Collins

McGowan

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

2A fundamental aspect of animal ecology is the ability to avoid getting eaten. Catching prey and avoiding 3 depredation involves a dynamic interplay between forward and lateral acceleration. Success at these tasks 4 depends on achieving sufficient performance. In turn, performance is determined by biomechanics. After 5 observing several kangaroo rats utilize turns under the duress of simulated predation in the field, we 6 designed and conducted an experiment in the lab to measure turning mechanics of desert kangaroo rats. 7The average turning speed in our study was 1.2 ms -1 . While field performances are rarely replicable in the 8 lab, we found that kangaroo rats utilize braking impulses (~0.4 N), followed by lateral impulses, and 9 orientated their body early in the turn to match trajectory change. to execute a turn. Coordinating turn in 10 this ways likely prioritizes safety. 11

show abstract

Locomotion as an emergent property of muscle contractile dynamics

Cited by 64 publications

References 59 publications

Why Do Knuckle‐Walking African Apes Knuckle‐Walk?

Why Do Knuckle‐Walking African Apes Knuckle‐Walk?

Widespread diversity in the transcriptomes of functionally divergent limb tendons

Turning mechanics of the bipedal hopping Desert kangaroo rat (Dipodomys deserti)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About