Location of Receptors for Tonic Neck Reflexes

McCouch, G. P.; Deering, I. D.; Ling, T

doi:10.1152/jn.1951.14.3.191

Cited by 277 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…That movement of the joint capsule does stimulate nerve endings has been shown in the cat (Gardner, 1948;Andrew & Dodt, 1953;Boyd & Roberts, 1953). McCouch, Deering & Ling (1951) have shown that the tonic neck reflexes are not dependent on afferents from the muscle, or cutaneous tissue, but probably originate from the joints. Stopford (1921) showed that in peripheral nerve 455 K. BROWNE, J. LEE AND P. A.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The sensation of passive movement at the metatarso‐phalangeal joint of the great toe in man

Browne¹,

Lee²,

Ring³

1954

The Journal of Physiology

116

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This work was begun as an investigation into the characteristics of passive movement sense at the metatarso-phalangeal joint. Since the original work of Goldscheider (1889), other investigators (Winter, 1912; Laidlaw & Hamilton, 1937 a, b;Cleghorn & Darcus, 1952) have investigated joint sensation in normal subjects by measuring the response to a continuous movement. Their work established the existence of threshold speeds of movement, varyingwith different joints in different subjects, below which sensation of movement in a relaxed limb was either absent, or present irregularly and inconstantly.In the present investigation speeds were used considerably above the threshold values, but not so fast as to introduce complications resulting from variations in reaction times. The toe was displaced at a uniform angular rate and the subject responded as soon as the sensation of displacement was appreciated. The results were expressed in degrees of joint rotation, hereafter called the reaction angle. The experiment was carried out on eighty-four volunteer subjects, all medical students, in an endeavour to establish a normal range for sensation of passive movement.An initial investigation was carried out to test whether the reaction angles did in fact represent a true sensation and were not distributed at random. An analysis of variance carried out on the data left no doubt that the reaction angles represented a real measurement; some variability was shown within the scores for each foot of each subject and between the averages of the two feet of the same subject, but far greater variability was present between average scores for different individuals. Further, this initial investigation revealed no significant differences between reaction angles for the same subject at the three different speeds used (0.2, 1 and 2°/sec), although, at the slowest speed, judgement of the moment at which unequivocal sensation of movement

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The sensation of passive movement at the metatarso‐phalangeal joint of the great toe in man

Browne¹,

Lee²,

Ring³

1954

The Journal of Physiology

116

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“…Considering the neck system, receptors in the joint capsules of the cervical vertebrae have been shown to play an important role in maintaining spatial orientation (cohen, 1961;McCouch, Deering, &;Ling, 1951). Malfunction of the sternomastoid muscle has also been associated with vertigo (Gray, 1956: Weeks &;Travell, 1955).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual orientation during and after lateral head, body, and trunk tilt

Wade¹

1968

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The head could be rotated while the axis vertebra remained fixed. Under these conditions reflexes arising from the atlanto-occipital or atlanto-axial joints were eliminated by the bilateral section of CI and C2 (McCouch et al 1951), whereas the remaining intervertebral joints whose movement might elicit neck reflexes remained fixed during the rotation of the head. Thus labyrinth reflexes could be elicited in the absence of neck reflexes.…”

Section: Labyrinth and Neck Reflexes 585 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This procedure produced neck reflexes without labyrinth reflexes because the innervation of the remaining intervertebral joints below the clamp was still intact. The atlanto-occipital and the atlanto-axial joints are the main sources of afferent input for the neck reflexes (Magnus, 1924;McCouch et al 1951;K. W. Lindsay, unpublished), but they are not the only source.…”

Section: Labyrinth and Neck Reflexes 585 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bard, 1968). With the exception of the confirmation of the form of the neck reflexes (McCouch, Deering & Ling, 1951), and in spite of recent advances in the understanding of the mode of action of the utricular receptors (Lowenstein & Roberts, 1949;Trincker, 1962;Fernandez, Goldberg & Abend, 1972; Loe, Tomko & Werner, 1973), Magnus's comprehensive scheme for postural reflexes has not been systematically re-investigated or independently confirmed since its definitive presentation 50 years ago. In all his studies of the independent actions of the tonic labyrinth and neck reflexes on the limbs Magnus (1924) speculated only about the relative contribution that each reflex might make to a given limb posture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetric tonic labyrinth reflexes and their interaction with neck reflexes in the decerebrate cat.

Lindsay¹,

Roberts²,

Rosenberg³

1976

The Journal of Physiology

243

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SUMMARY1. Tonic labyrinth and neck reflexes were studied separately and in combination in the decerebrate cat-with CI and C2 spinal roots cut. Reflex effects were observed as changes in length of the isotonically loaded medial head of triceps.2. The tonic labyrinth reflexes acted asymmetrically on the medial head of triceps. Side-down rotation of the head produced shortening in medial triceps, whereas side-up rotations of the head resulted in a lengthening.3. The tonic neck reflexes acted asymmetrically on the medial head of triceps. Side-down rotations of the neck produced a lengthening of medial triceps, whereas side-up rotations of the neck resulted in shortening.4. Labyrinth and neck reflexes produce opposite effects on the same limb extensor muscle so that, if the neck innervation is intact, head tilting produces no change in muscle length.5. It is suggested that the interaction between the labyrinth and neck reflexes contributes to the stability of the trunk, allowing the head to move freely on the body without affecting this stability. Labyrinth and neck reflexes need therefore to be considered together as a single system.

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Location of Receptors for Tonic Neck Reflexes

Cited by 277 publications

References 0 publications

The sensation of passive movement at the metatarso‐phalangeal joint of the great toe in man

The sensation of passive movement at the metatarso‐phalangeal joint of the great toe in man

Visual orientation during and after lateral head, body, and trunk tilt

Asymmetric tonic labyrinth reflexes and their interaction with neck reflexes in the decerebrate cat.

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