“…Among various wet chemical methods, the hydrothermal process is regarded as one of the most attractive methods for ZnO fabrication as it is facile to set up and is controllable, cost-effective, relatively low temperature and an environment benign process [ 39 , 48 , 64 , 65 ]. Many different approaches such as resistive nano heater [ 24 , 66 , 67 ], bulk heating [ 61 , 68 ], microcontact printing [ 17 , 63 , 69 , 70 , 71 ], inkjet printing [ 17 , 57 , 62 , 72 , 73 ] and laser-induced heating [ 44 , 46 , 61 , 68 , 74 , 75 ] have been developed via the hydrothermal method. These approaches require different setups, processing factors and also different ways for required factors.…”