Localization of Renal Contrast Media Excretion by Stop Flow Analysis

Woodruff, Marvin W.; Malvin, Richard L.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)65618-0

Cited by 46 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In another paper, tubular reabsorption was reported [25]. By the stop-flow technique, the diatrizoate pattern was similar to that of creatinine [34]. However, under stop-flow con ditions creatinine has been shown to be an inaccurate glomerular marker in the dog [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Renal Transport of Diatrizoate in the Rabbit, Dog, and Rat

Mudge¹,

Berndt²,

Saunders³

et al. 1971

Nephron

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The renal transport of ¹²⁵I-diatrizoate was examined in three species, dog, rabbit, and rat. In the rabbit this organic acid behaved like many such compounds, i.e. it was secreted by the proximal tubular organic anion process as judged by stop-flow analysis. The proximal tubular peak was abolished by probenecid. In vitro experiments with renal cortex slices gave results entirely consistent with the in vivo studies. Diatrizoate uptake by the slices was an energy-dependent, saturable process that was blocked by several organic acids known to be accumulated by the organic acid transport system. Rat renal cortex slices showed significant diatrizoate uptake, although of a lesser magnitude than noted with rabbit tissue (rat S/M = 1–2; rabbit S/M = 3–5). Except for the failure of acetate to stimulate diatrizoate uptake, accumulation by the rat slices appeared to be by the organic acid transport process. On the other hand, dog slices failed to accumulate diatrizoate. The process was not stimulated by acetate or any other metabolic substrate nor was it blocked by metabolic inhibitors or various organic acid competitors. No evidence of proximal tubular secretion was noted in the dog using stop-flow analysis; diatrizoate-inulin U/P ratios were approximately 0.9. Furthermore in p-amino-hippurate (PAH) clearance experiments in the dog, administration of diatrizoate failed to alter PAH clearance. These data indicate active renal transport of diatrizoate in certain species, but not in others.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Renal Transport of Diatrizoate in the Rabbit, Dog, and Rat

Mudge¹,

Berndt²,

Saunders³

et al. 1971

Nephron

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“…476 C. M. Elwood,E. M. Sigman and C. Treger TABLE I TABLE II MEAN VALUES FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS CLEARANCES OF 1 2 5 I-SIMULTANEOUS CLEARANCES OF INULIN, 131 I-IOTHALAMATE, IOTHALAMATE AND INULIN AND 125 I- in concentration of 131 I-meglumine diatrizoate in urine from various portions of the renal tubule paralleled those of exogenous creatinine and suggested that meglumine diatrizoate was excreted solely by glomerular filtration (Woodruff and Malvin 1960). We were able to infer a similar mode of excretion for this compound in man by finding a 131 I-meglumine diatrizoate-to-inulin clearance ra- tio of 1-04 (Morris, Elwood, Sigman and Catanzaro, 1965).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate with¹²⁵-Sodium Iothalamate (Conray)

Elwood¹,

Sigman²,

Treger³

1967

BJR

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A substance used to measure glomerular filtration rate (GFR) should ideally be one that is physiologically inert, completely filtrable, and neither absorbed nor excreted by the renal tubules (Smith, 1951). Inulin, a fructose polymer prepared from biological sources, has, for many years, been the compound thought best to meet these criteria. The absence of tubular transfer of inulin has been recently confirmed by micropuncture studies in rats which demonstrated that the distal recovery was complete when inulin was infused into the corresponding proximal segment (Marsh and Frasier, 1965). For the routine clinical estimation of GFR, however, inulin clearances have not been widely employed, largely because the chemical determination of inulin requires meticulous laboratory techniques and considerable time. Even then, the standard deviation of determinations on the same sample approximates 5 per cent (Wesson, 1957). In the presence of elevated plasma or urine glucose concentrations, further procedures are needed in order to eliminate interference with the colorimetric reaction. During an investigation of the renal handling of a new contrast medium, iothalamate (Conray), we noted that tracer amounts of the 131 I form were excreted solely by glomerular nitration when given either alone or with pyelographic dosages of stable carrier (Sigman, Elwood, Reagan, Morris and Catanzaro, 1965). This observation prompted a study of the value of the 125 I form of iothalamate for the measurement of GFR in man. METHODSClearances were performed by the constant infusion technique (Smith, 1956). The specific activity of 125 I-sodium iothalamate* (Conray) utilised in this study was approximately 60 /xc/mg. From 50 to 100 jiic of this labelled compound were added to the total amount of inulin required for the study. The mixture was then separated into priming and sustaining solutions. A priming dosage of 125 I-iothalamate * 125 I-sodium iothalamate (Conray) was prepared and supplied by Dr. Howard J. Glenn, of Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Illinois. of 0-5 /-ic/kg of body weight and a sustaining dosage in /xc/minute calculated from the estimated GFR in ml./minute X 0-0025 produces a plasma activity level of approximately 500 net cpm/ml. Inulin was determined by the resorcinol method (Schreiner, 1950). The activity of 125 I-iothalamate was measured to a statistical accuracy of 1 per cent or better in a well-type scintillation counter containing a singlechannel pulse-height analyser.Ten patients were selected for study in order that all levels of GFR would be represented. In these, simultaneous inulin and 125 I-iothalamate clearances were performed. In two additional patients, the clearances of 125 I-iothalamate were compared to those of 131 I-iothalamate. In all patients, diuresis was intiated by an oral water load of 1,000 c.c. and sustained by the intravenous infusion of lactated Ringer's solution at the rate of 500 ml./hour. Urine samples were collected from an indwelling Foley catheter. After a one-hour equilibration period, four...

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“…Diatrizoate is excreted almost exclusively by glomerular filtration [4,8,9,15,19,30). Although some tubular transport may occur at low doses [14,20,26,27] this becomes insignificant at doses used clinically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dose on Renal Diatrizoate Concentrations in Experimental Acute Renal Failure

Robinson¹,

Gaunt²,

McLachlan³

1976

Nephron

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In rats with glycerol-induced acute renal failure (ARF) and controls, renal concentrations of ¹²⁵I-labelled sodium diatrizoate were measured 5 min after intravenous doses ranging from 14 to 1,800 mg/kg body weight. Renal concentrations of diatrizoate, at all doses, were much higher in controls than in ARF. A linear relationship existed between dose and renal concentration in ARF. In controls, at doses above 225 mg/kg body weight, the fraction of the dose present in the kidneys diminished and renal iodine content approached that observed in ARF. Differences in diatrizoate concentration which existed between cortical and medullary zones in healthy kidneys at low doses were progressively eliminated as dosage increased, consistent with the osmotic diuretic effect of diatrizoate. In ARF, the pattern of intrarenal distribution at all doses was similar to that seen in controls at high doses, though concentrations in outer cortex were consistently slightly higher than those in inner cortex. These observations suggest continuing, though reduced, filtration of diatrizoate in ARF by glomeruli already subjected to a large solute load.

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Localization of Renal Contrast Media Excretion by Stop Flow Analysis

Cited by 46 publications

References 7 publications

Renal Transport of Diatrizoate in the Rabbit, Dog, and Rat

Renal Transport of Diatrizoate in the Rabbit, Dog, and Rat

The Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate with¹²⁵-Sodium Iothalamate (Conray)

Effect of Dose on Renal Diatrizoate Concentrations in Experimental Acute Renal Failure

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Localization of Renal Contrast Media Excretion by Stop Flow Analysis

Cited by 46 publications

References 7 publications

Renal Transport of Diatrizoate in the Rabbit, Dog, and Rat

Renal Transport of Diatrizoate in the Rabbit, Dog, and Rat

The Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate with125-Sodium Iothalamate (Conray)

Effect of Dose on Renal Diatrizoate Concentrations in Experimental Acute Renal Failure

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The Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate with¹²⁵-Sodium Iothalamate (Conray)