Localization of grasp representations in humans by PET: 1. Observation versus execution

Rizzolatti, Giacomo; Fadiga, Luciano; Matelli, Massimo; Bettinardi, Valentino; Paulesu, Eraldo; Perani, Daniela; Fazio, Ferruccio

doi:10.1007/bf00227301

Cited by 882 publications

(486 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The middle temporal gyrus (BA21) has been reported to be involved in observing motion (Rizzolatti et al. 1996) and processing complex sounds, as well as being a part of the mirror neuron system (Arévalo et al. 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio‐temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio‐visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect

2015

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IntroductionSpatio‐temporal distributions of cortical activity to audio‐visual presentations of meaningless vowel‐consonant‐vowels and the effects of audio‐visual congruence/incongruence, with emphasis on the McGurk effect, were studied. The McGurk effect occurs when a clearly audible syllable with one consonant, is presented simultaneously with a visual presentation of a face articulating a syllable with a different consonant and the resulting percept is a syllable with a consonant other than the auditorily presented one.MethodsTwenty subjects listened to pairs of audio‐visually congruent or incongruent utterances and indicated whether pair members were the same or not. Source current densities of event‐related potentials to the first utterance in the pair were estimated and effects of stimulus–response combinations, brain area, hemisphere, and clarity of visual articulation were assessed.ResultsAuditory cortex, superior parietal cortex, and middle temporal cortex were the most consistently involved areas across experimental conditions. Early (<200 msec) processing of the consonant was overall prominent in the left hemisphere, except right hemisphere prominence in superior parietal cortex and secondary visual cortex. Clarity of visual articulation impacted activity in secondary visual cortex and Wernicke's area. McGurk perception was associated with decreased activity in primary and secondary auditory cortices and Wernicke's area before 100 msec, increased activity around 100 msec which decreased again around 180 msec. Activity in Broca's area was unaffected by McGurk perception and was only increased to congruent audio‐visual stimuli 30–70 msec following consonant onset.ConclusionsThe results suggest left hemisphere prominence in the effects of stimulus and response conditions on eight brain areas involved in dynamically distributed parallel processing of audio‐visual integration. Initially (30–70 msec) subcortical contributions to auditory cortex, superior parietal cortex, and middle temporal cortex occur. During 100–140 msec, peristriate visual influences and Wernicke's area join in the processing. Resolution of incongruent audio‐visual inputs is then attempted, and if successful, McGurk perception occurs and cortical activity in left hemisphere further increases between 170 and 260 msec.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio‐temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio‐visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect

2015

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“…These critical issues have been raised in recent PET experiments in normal subjects. Conditions where subjects were intending actions and preparing for execution, mentally simulating actions, or observing actions performed by other people were compared (Decety et al, 1994(Decety et al, , 1997Grafton et al, 1996;Rizzolatti et al, 1996a;Stephan et al, 1995). The outcome of these studies is two-fold: First, there exists a cortical network common to all conditions, to which the inferior parietal lobule (area 40), the ventral premotor area (ventral area 6), and part of SMA contribute; second, motor representations for each individual condition are clearly specified by the activation of cortical zones which do not overlap between conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking for the agent: an investigation into consciousness of action and self-consciousness in schizophrenic patients

et al. 1997

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Looking for the agent: an investigation into consciousness of action and self-consciousness in schizophrenic patients. Cognition, Elsevier, 1997, 65, pp.71-86. Looking for the agent: an investigation into consciousness of action and self-consciousness in schizophrenic patients AbstractThe abilities to attribute an action to its proper agent and to understand its meaning when it is produced by someone else are basic aspects of human social communication. Several psychiatric syndromes, such as schizophrenia, seem to lead to a dysfunction of the awareness of one's own action as well as of recognition of actions performed by others. Such syndromes offer a framework for studying the determinants of agency, the ability to correctly attribute actions to their veridical source. Thirty normal subjects and 30 schizophrenic patients with and without hallucinations and/or delusional experiences were required to execute simple finger and wrist movements, without direct visual control of their hand. The image of either their own hand or an alien hand executing the same or a different movement was presented on a TV-screen in real time. The task for the subjects was to discriminate whether the hand presented on the screen was their own or not. Hallucinating and deluded schizophrenic patients were more impaired in discriminating their own hand from the alien one than the non-hallucinating ones, and tended to misattribute the alien hand to themselves. Results are discussed according to a model of action control. A tentative description of the mechanisms leading to action consciousness is proposed.

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“…This interpretation is related to findings linking of complex movements [49], preparation of imitated the caudal part of the dPMC to the learning of visual movements [24], or imitation of movements in general conditional tasks both in monkeys and humans [17,33]. [41, 44,45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cortical activations during paced finger-tapping applying visual and auditory pacing stimuli

Jäncke

Loose

Lutz

et al. 2000

Cognitive Brain Research

271

167

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In order to study neural systems which are involved in motor timing we used whole-brain functional resonance imaging while subjects performed a paced finger-tapping task (PFT) with their right index finger. During one condition, subjects were imaged while tapping in synchrony with tones separated by a constant interval (auditory synchronisation, AS), followed by tapping without the pacing stimulus (auditory continuation, AC). In another condition, subjects were imaged while tapping in synchrony with a visual stimulus presented at the same frequency as the tones (visual synchronisation, VS) followed by a tapping sequence without visual pacing (visual continuation, VC). The following main results were obtained: (1) tapping in the context of visual pacing was generally more variable than tapping in the context of auditory stimuli; (2) during all conditions, a fronto-parietal network was active including the dorsal lateral premotor cortex (dPMC), M1, S1, inferior parietal lobule (LPi), supplementary motor cortex (SMA), the right cerebellar hemisphere, and the paravermial region; (3) stronger activation in the bilateral ventral premotor cortex (vPMC), the left LPi, the SMA, the right inferior cerebellum, and the left thalamus during both auditory conditions (AS and AC) compared to the visual conditions (VS and VC); (4) stronger activation in the right superior cerebellum, the vermis, and the right LPi during the visual conditions (VS and VC); (5) similar activations for the AS and AC conditions; but (6) marked differences between the VS and VC conditions especially in the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) and LPi areas; and (7) finally, there were no activations in the auditory and visual cortices when the pacing stimuli were absent. These findings were taken as evidence for a general difference between the motor control modes operative during the auditory and visual conditions. Paced finger tapping in the context of auditory pacing stimuli relies more on brain structures subserving internal motor control while paced finger-tapping in the context of visual pacing stimuli relies on brain structures relying on the subserving processing or imagination of visual pacing stimuli.

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Localization of grasp representations in humans by PET: 1. Observation versus execution

Cited by 882 publications

References 51 publications

Spatio‐temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio‐visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect

Spatio‐temporal distribution of brain activity associated with audio‐visually congruent and incongruent speech and the McGurk Effect

Looking for the agent: an investigation into consciousness of action and self-consciousness in schizophrenic patients

Cortical activations during paced finger-tapping applying visual and auditory pacing stimuli

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