Localisation of swine hepatitis E virus in experimentally infected pigs

Lee, Y.H.; Ha, Yoon‐Cheol; Ahn, Kwangseog; Chae, Chanhee

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.10.028

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The duration of fecal viral shedding and viremia, pathological changes of natural and experimental infection, sites of replication and pathogenic differences among genotypes have been well demonstrated in these models [Meng et al, 1998a;Aggarwal et al, 2001;Williams et al, 2001;Lee et al, 2009]. However, studies in nonhuman primates and swine have been limited by the small numbers of animals used due to difficulties in handling, manipulating, and housing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of mongolian gerbils by a genotype 4 strain of swine hepatitis E virus

Sun

She

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An ideal animal model for hepatitis E virus (HEV) research is still unavailable. To assess the possibility of using Mongolian gerbils as animal model, 28 gerbils were randomly assigned into two groups, 14 for each group. Gerbils in Group 1 were inoculated with a genotype 4 HEV recovered from swine via the intraperitoneal route. Group 2 was used as a negative control and inoculated with normal suspension of swine liver. Sera and feces samples were collected once a week for 7 weeks. Two gerbils from both groups were necropsied weekly, pathological changes were recorded and tissue samples collected for further investigation. Distribution of the virus antigens was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Nested RT-PCR and a commercial ELISA kit were used to confirm the infection. Research results demonstrated that Mongolian gerbils in Group 1 were successfully infected with HEV. Viremia and fecal virus shedding lasted nearly 4 weeks, while the virus could be detected constantly in the liver, and occasionally in the kidneys and spleen as well as the small intestine. Histopathological changes in the liver were present with slight, multifocal, lymphohistiocytic infiltrates in the portal tracts or distributed irregularly throughout the liver. HEV antigens could be detected in the liver and intestine, and were mainly distributed in the nuclei. The results indicate that Mongolian gerbils could be used as an ideal animal model for the study of HEV.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of mongolian gerbils by a genotype 4 strain of swine hepatitis E virus

Sun

She

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the faeces HEV RNA can also be detected at the initial period, when virus 10 particles enter the large intestines directly after ingestion. Virus multiplication in the liver 11 is followed by shedding of virions in the faeces through the bile (Lee et al, 2009). In our 12 study, we found the virus in fourteen (33%) of forty two faeces samples and in thirteen 13 (31%) of forty two liver samples, that means no definite difference among the samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Hepatitis E virus in samples of animal origin collected in Hungary

Forgách

Nowotny

Erdélyi

et al. 2010

Veterinary Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is an enterically transmitted human pathogen. HEV infections 2 are mainly associated with acute, self-limited, icteric hepatitis with an average mortality rate 3 of 1%. Animal reservoirs are considered to play an important role in the maintenance of the 4 virus and in the spread of HEV to humans. HEV-induced seroconversion was described in 5 several species, however clinical hepatitis in animals has not been observed to date. HEV 6 strains from animals are genetically closely related to human HEV isolates, which supports 7 the opinions on the zoonotic transmission of the virus. 8In this expansive study the occurrence of HEV was investigated in Hungarian wild and 9 domesticated animal samples. HEV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase 10 chain reaction in liver samples of wild boars, roe deer, and deer. The investigations of 11 domestic swine samples detected HEV in 39% of the investigated Hungarian pig farms. 12Simultaneous investigation revealed no definite difference between liver and faeces samples 13 of domestic pigs in the frequency of HEV positivity. The highest (36%) incidence of HEV 14 infection was found among the eleven to sixteen week old pigs. Samples from domestic cattle 15 and rodents collected in pig farms, forests and meadows were tested negative for HEV RNA.

show abstract

“…Although the link between human and swine HEV is largely unproven, this has potentially important implications for Europe where swine farming is practiced on a large scale and potential contamination of the local stock with the swine genotypes of HEV could lead to a large increase of the seemingly rare infection in Europe [57,58]. Unlike HBV, which only replicates in the liver, HEV also replicates in the gut and is subsequently shed in the stool to infect other individuals [56,59,60,61]. In Europe, we have excellent sanitation and the risk of this virus becoming more abundant is relatively low, but certainly awareness should exist for HEV infection at times of conflict or natural disasters if patients present with significant acute liver injury.…”

Section: Hepatitis a And Hepatitis E Virus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections and the Liver

Eksteen

2011

Dig Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have infected nearly half a billion individuals worldwide and are major indications for liver transplantation. Key requirements to successful outcomes with modern antiviral drugs are favourable host factors. Results: Single nucleotide polymorphisms near the IL28B gene location which encode for interferon (IFN)-λ3 have a large effect in determining the likelihood of patients obtaining a cure from pegylated IFN-α and ribavirin combination therapy or spontaneous clearance of the HCV. 80% of patients who carry two copies of this advantageous variant cleared the virus during IFN therapy and remained virus-free with a sustained viral response. This mutation is more common in Caucasian and Asian populations, whereas it is only found in the 40–50% of sub-Saharan Africans who are known to be more resistant to combination therapy. Similarly, host factors control tolerance to chronic HBV infection and can fluctuate over time with increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and particularly liver cancer. Loss of viral tolerance with reactivation and hepatitis is increasingly seen with the widespread use of biological treatments for diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease or rheumatoid arthritis. Natural disasters and conflicts in some parts of the world have also seen an increase in cases of hepatitis A and E virus infection and highlighted the global public health burden from viral-induced hepatitis. Conclusions: Increased appreciation of the interaction between host factors and the viral life cycles is likely to significantly alter the way we target these infections in the future.

show abstract

Localisation of swine hepatitis E virus in experimentally infected pigs

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Experimental infection of mongolian gerbils by a genotype 4 strain of swine hepatitis E virus

Experimental infection of mongolian gerbils by a genotype 4 strain of swine hepatitis E virus

Detection of Hepatitis E virus in samples of animal origin collected in Hungary

Infections and the Liver

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About