Local Structures of Soft Carbon and Electrochemical Performance of Potassium-Ion Batteries

Ou, Mingyang; Zhang, Yuanpeng; Zhu, Yongcheng; Fan, Chenyang; Sun, Shixiong; Feng, Jiatai; Sun, Xueping; Wei, Peng; Xu, Jia; Peng, Jian; Wei, Xian‐Yong; Jiang, Gang; Li, Qing; Fang, Chun; Han, Jiantao

doi:10.1021/acsami.1c06303

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Besides HC, there are other kinds of anodes that could be categorized according to their reaction mechanism: insertion-type, alloying-type, and conversion-type. [62,145] With its advantages of long-term cycling stability, superior rate performance, low cost, and intrinsic safety, HC is regarded the most promising candidate as anode for commercial SIBs. [146] Therefore, HC is the prevailing choice of anode material for commercial prototypes of SIBs in start-up companies nowadays.…”

Section: Full-cell Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prussian Blue Analogues for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2022

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photocopying process took nearly a century from 1843 until the early 1940s, while the detailed crystal structure of PB was first confirmed as cubic by Ludi and co-workers in 1977, which is now widely accepted. [6] Remarkably, the past four decades have witnessed the exploration of PB in more and more new and totally different, but very promising application areas, reaching from rechargeable batteries [7] to catalysis [8] and biosensors, [9] from optically switchable films in electrochromic devices (smart windows) [10] to a helpful nanomaterial for cancer therapy. [11] Due to their excellent redox activity, low cost, and highly reversible phase transitions during the insertion/extraction process of certain cations, PB and PBAs have also been widely investigated as promising active materials for energy storage devices, especially for commercial sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) beyond other batteries system (potassium-ion batteries, [12,13] lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), [14] lithium-sulfur batteries (LI-S), [15] lithium-air batteries, [16] zinc-air batteries, [17] solid-state batteries, [18] etc.) in large-scale stationary energy storage systems in the near future. [19,20] The chemical formulas of PBAs could be represented asHere, A represents a single alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, or a mixture of these metals, while M 1 and M 2 typically are transition metals bonded by CN − bonds to form a 3D open structure with the capability to host element(s) A inside the crystal structure. □ represents the vacancy that is caused by the loss of an M 2 (CN) 6 group and the occupation by coordination water and interstitial water, the species and ionic radii of which are shown in Figure 2a. [21] With the different species and various ratios of A/M 1 /M 2 , the number of family members could reach more than 100, sharing different crystal phases, including monoclinic, [22,23] rhombohedral, [24,25] cubic, [26,27] tetragonal, [28] hexagonal, [29] etc. According to the amount of redox-active sites for battery application, PB and PBAs could be divided into dual-electron transfer type (DE-PBAs: M 1 and M 2 = Mn, Fe, Co) and single-electron transfer type (SE-PBAs: M 1 = Zn, Ni and M 2 = Fe, Co, Mn) with theoretical specific capacity of 170 and 85 mAh g −1 , respectively. [21] Taking the high average voltage and capacity of the DE-PBAs into consideration, they are promising and competitive, even to the level of LiFePO 4 (a well-known cathode material for the LIBs), for high energy density devices (≈450 Wh kg −1 on the material level). On the other hand, the negligible structural distortion and high conductivity of SE-PBAs make them desirable choices for fast-charging and long-life devices. [20,30] Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have attracted wide attention for their application in the energy storage and conversion field due to their low cost, facile synthesis, and appreciable electrochemical performance. At the present stage, most research on PBAs is focused on their material-level optimization, whereas their properties in practical b...

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Section: Full-cell Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prussian Blue Analogues for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Past, Present, and Future

et al. 2022

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“…On the other hand, the molten salt method can be employed to reduce the DoG and increase the interlayer distance. 121 Moreover, molten salt can act as a template to tune the microstructure of SC to increase diffusion kinetics. Notably, heteroatom doping into SCs can effectively boost K + storage performance by increasing the number of active sites and tuning the electronic structure.…”

Section: Carbonaceous Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding revealed the structure-dependent K + -storage behavior of SCs, which can potentially help optimize the microstructure of SC anodes for desirable properties. Subsequently, Ou et al prepared various mesophase pitch-based SC microspheres pyrolyzed in the temperature range of 900–2900 °C. The SC pyrolyzed at 900 °C exhibited the best rate performance and capacity retention for K + storage.…”

Section: K+-intercalation Chemistry Of Carbonaceous Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, Sun et al adopted a pre-oxidation method to tune the microstructure of SC and facilitate K + storage. They found that the carbonized pre-oxidation pitch presented a high K + diffusion coefficient, surpassing that of the carbonized pristine pitch, which thus presented enhanced reversible capacity and rate capability . This facile pre-oxidation strategy could be extended to other carbon precursors for the development of high-performance disordered SCs.…”

Section: K+-intercalation Chemistry Of Carbonaceous Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, adjusting the thermal treatment temperature can directly tune the ability of these materials to store large K + by tuning the lattice distance and crystallinity. On the other hand, the molten salt method can be employed to reduce the DoG and increase the interlayer distance . Moreover, molten salt can act as a template to tune the microstructure of SC to increase diffusion kinetics.…”

Section: K+-intercalation Chemistry Of Carbonaceous Anode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbonaceous Anode Materials for Non-aqueous Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors

et al. 2021

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Sodium- and potassium-ion (Na-/K-ion) hybrid capacitors are promising electrochemical energy storage systems that are more cost-effective than corresponding lithium-based alternatives. Their hybrid configuration integrates a battery-type anode and a capacitor-type cathode and affords high energy density, high power density, and good cycling stability. However, the primary issue encountered in Na-/K-ion hybrid capacitors is a lack of reliable anodes because of the sluggish reaction kinetics of large Na-/K-ions. In recent years, significant advancements have been achieved in carbonaceous anodes because of their high Na-/K-ion storage feasibility, natural abundance, low cost, and non-toxicity. This review encompasses the fundamental electrochemical principles of Na-/K-ion hybrid capacitors and provides insights into the intimate structure–performance relationship of carbonaceous anodes. The existing challenges and alternative strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of the carbonaceous anodes are emphasized. Finally, future prospects and possible directions for further improving carbonaceous anodes for Na-/K-ion hybrid capacitors are presented.

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Structural Engineering of Hard–Soft Carbon Hybrid Anodes for Ultrafast and Ultradurable Potassium‐Ion Storage

Yang,

Zhao,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Small Methods

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Hard–soft carbon hybrid materials, harvesting the expanded interlayer spacing of hard carbon and the high conductivity of soft carbon, hold great promise as anode materials for potassium‐ion batteries, but efficient and precise structural control remains a major challenge. Herein, hollow porous bowl‐like hard–soft carbon hybrid materials (BHSCs) are facilely synthesized by an in situ hard‐template strategy. It is found that the outer and inner walls of the hard carbon bowls are uniformly wrapped by graphene‐like soft carbon, which accelerates electron transport and promotes the insertion of potassium ions. Finite element simulation further reveals that the soft–hard–soft carbon shell structure releases stress during the insertion of potassium ions. As a result, BHSC anode exhibits an extraordinary rate capability (209 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and excellent cycle stability with a capacity of 208 mAh g−1 after 5000 cycles at 2 A g−1. Impressively, the as‐assembled potassium‐ion hybrid capacitor based on BHSC anode delivers a great energy/power density (116 Wh kg−1/12980 W kg−1) and outstanding capacity retention of 83% after 8000 cycles. This work provides guidance for rational structural design of hard–soft carbon hybrid materials to improve their potassium‐ion storage performance.

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Local Structures of Soft Carbon and Electrochemical Performance of Potassium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Prussian Blue Analogues for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Past, Present, and Future

Prussian Blue Analogues for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Past, Present, and Future

Carbonaceous Anode Materials for Non-aqueous Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Hybrid Capacitors

Structural Engineering of Hard–Soft Carbon Hybrid Anodes for Ultrafast and Ultradurable Potassium‐Ion Storage

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