We examined the magnetic properties of the square-lattice antiferromagnets CeMnAsO and LaMnAsO and their solid solutions La 1-x Ce x MnAsO by resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity measurements below room temperature. A first-order phase transition is observed at 34.1 K, below which the ground-state doublet of the Ce ion splits by 3.53 meV. It is likely that Mn moments already ordered above room temperature are reoriented at the transition, as reported for related compounds, such as NdMnAsO and PrMnSbO. This transition generates a large internal magnetic field at the Ce site in spite of the fact that simple Heisenberg interactions should be cancelled out at the Ce site owing to geometrical frustration. The transition takes place at nearly the same temperature with the substitution of La for Ce up to 90%. The Ce moment does not undergo long-range order by itself, but is parasitically induced at the transition, serving as a good probe for detecting the magnetism of Mn spins in a square lattice.KEYWORDS: CeMnAsO, LaMnAsO, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, phase transition, magnetic order, spin reorientation transition * E-mail address: hiroi@issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp After the discovery of iron arsenide oxide superconductors, 1) a search for related compounds has been extensively carried out, fruitfully resulting in a large family of compounds including many iron-based superconductors.2) A common playground for superconductivity is a square lattice made up of Fe 2+ ions, which is to be compared with the square lattice of Cu 2+ ions in cupric oxide superconductors. In spite of the similarity in their lattice symmetries, the electronic properties of the parent compounds of these superconductors are very different: the former is a semimetal, while the latter is a Mott insulator. In view of the prominent role of the square lattices of Cu 2+ and Fe 2+ ions in superconductivity, it is of interest and importance to examine square lattice systems made up of transition-metal ions other than Cu 2+ and Fe 2+ .In the present work, we focus on two Mn compounds, CeMnAsO and LaMnAsO, which crystallize in the ZrCuSiAs structure possessing a square lattice made up of Mn 2+ ions (Fig. 1).