Load Frequency Control &amp; Automatic Voltage Regulation for a Single Area Power System

Grover, Himanshu; Verma, Ashu; Bhatti, T. S.

doi:10.1109/piicon49524.2020.9112902

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…GDB and boiler dynamics are fitted with the thermal unit in their considered system. All the above articles [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] are considered conventional energy sources. Renewable energy sources (RESs) are not a problem for them.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing the performance of consolidated voltage–frequency control of multi‐area hybrid interconnected power systems using electric vehicles

Dekaraja¹,

Saikia

2023

Energy Storage

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Electricity consumers desire a reliable and uninterrupted power supply for their equipment. Frequency and voltage are fluctuated due to the increase in intermittent renewable sources in the power systems. To mitigate these problems, a novel multi‐term fractional‐order PID (MFOPID) controller is proposed for improving the combined voltage‐frequency control of a three‐area hydrothermal system (THS) that incorporates a realistic dish‐Stirling solar thermal system (RDSTS). Suitable nonlinearity constraints are considered in both thermal‐hydro units. The proposed controller parameters are optimized using the artificial flora algorithm. Electric vehicle (EV) fleets have been introduced for the first time into the system under consideration. The MFOPID controller outperforms the PID with filter coefficient (PIDN) controller, according to a comparative assessment of the system dynamic responses under various investigations. Investigations exhibit that the system dynamic performance marginally degrades after the incorporation of the RDSTS into all control area of the three‐area THS. The analysis reveals that the assimilation of EVs into the considered system provides better system damping and reduces oscillations and peak deviations. The efficiency of electric vehicles is influenced by battery state‐of‐charge (SOC). The system performance deteriorates when the SOC of the EVs is more than 80% charging and less than 50% discharging at the time of disturbance. Moreover, the MFOPID controller provides a faster injection of EV power into the system during perturbation compared to the PIDN controller. Sensitivity analysis validated the MFOPID controller's sturdiness against numerous physical system conditions.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a lot of articles were found on the combined operation of the ALFC‐AVR system of single/two/three‐area IPS. An isolated thermal system has been introduced in References 13‐16. System nonlinearities characteristics have not been taken into account in their studies.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the performance of consolidated voltage–frequency control of multi‐area hybrid interconnected power systems using electric vehicles

Dekaraja¹,

Saikia

2023

Energy Storage

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“…Additionally, frequency fluctuations caused by imbalance have been stabilized through the inertial response and the automatic generation control (AGC) mechanism of the synchronous generators. Excitation control using automatic voltage regulator (AVR) controls reactive power output for voltage control while load frequency control (LFC) regulates active power output for frequency management [4,5]. such as: fuzzy logic, artificial neural network, genetic algorithm, and particle-swarm optimization have been applied in Refs [15][16][17][18], respectively, to achieve optimal reactive and active power dispatch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Q‐V/P‐f Control Strategy Using Virtual Power Factor for Autonomous AC Microgrid with PV Smart Inverters

Arou,

Tsuji

2024

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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Given the increasing interests in carbon neutrality due to climate change, photovoltaic (PV)‐based microgrid has become an important research topic worldwide. Typically, high PV penetration without proper control schemes causes power quality issues such as voltage or frequency violation, resulting in the limited PV hosting capacity. Reactive and active power support from the PV is effective to solve the issues, however, it is a critical challenge to efficiently contribute to the stabilizing controls under the inverter capacity constraint. Recent studies have applied smart inverters, equipped with fixed active and reactive power control reserves, for dynamic voltage and frequency support. In this paper, we proposed a control strategy in which the control reserves for voltage and frequency support are flexibly adjusted using virtual power factor (VPF) to improve the power quality with reducing active power curtailment. The effectiveness of the proposed Q‐V/P‐f control is verified through numerical simulations using a microgrid model developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform. It was observed through the simulation that the proposed method contributed to mitigating voltage and frequency fluctuation with satisfying the inverter capacity constraint. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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“…The moth flame optimization (MFO)-based fractional order PID controller was proposed for both LFC and AVR loops [12]. For a single-area synchronous generator, the combined LFC-AVR was explored using a hardware environment [13]. In [14,15], the authors inspected the firefly algorithm, particle swarm optimization, and the genetic algorithm-based PID controller for AVR-LFC loops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Load Frequency Control and Automatic Voltage Regulation in a Multi-Area Interconnected Power System Using Nature-Inspired Computation-Based Control Methodology

et al. 2022

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The stability control of nominal frequency and terminal voltage in an interconnected power system (IPS) is always a challenging task for researchers. The load variation or any disturbance affects the active and reactive power demands, which badly influence the normal working of IPS. In order to maintain frequency and terminal voltage at rated values, controllers are installed at generating stations to keep these parameters within the prescribed limits by varying the active and reactive power demands. This is accomplished by load frequency control (LFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) loops, which are coupled to each other. Due to the complexity of the combined AVR-LFC model, the simultaneous control of frequency and terminal voltage in an IPS requires an intelligent control strategy. The performance of IPS solely depends upon the working of the controllers. This work presents the exploration of control methodology based on a proportional integral–proportional derivative (PI-PD) controller with combined LFC-AVR in a multi-area IPS. The PI-PD controller was tuned with recently developed nature-inspired computation algorithms including the Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA), learner performance-based behavior optimization (LPBO), and modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO). In the earlier part of this work, the proposed methodology was applied to a two-area IPS, and the output responses of LPBO-PI-PD, AOA-PI-PD, and MPSO-PI-PD control schemes were compared with an existing nonlinear threshold-accepting algorithm-based PID (NLTA-PID) controller. After achieving satisfactory results in the two-area IPS, the proposed scheme was examined in a three-area IPS with combined AVR and LFC. Finally, the reliability and efficacy of the proposed methodology was investigated on a three-area IPS with LFC-AVR with variations in the system parameters over a range of Â ± 50%. The simulation results and a comprehensive comparison between the controllers clearly demonstrates that the proposed control schemes including LPBO-PI-PD, AOA-PI-PD, and MPSO-PI-PD are very reliable, and they can effectively stabilize the frequency and terminal voltage in a multi-area IPS with combined LFC and AVR.

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Load Frequency Control & Automatic Voltage Regulation for a Single Area Power System

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Enhancing the performance of consolidated voltage–frequency control of multi‐area hybrid interconnected power systems using electric vehicles

Enhancing the performance of consolidated voltage–frequency control of multi‐area hybrid interconnected power systems using electric vehicles

Coordinated Q‐V/P‐f Control Strategy Using Virtual Power Factor for Autonomous AC Microgrid with PV Smart Inverters

Load Frequency Control and Automatic Voltage Regulation in a Multi-Area Interconnected Power System Using Nature-Inspired Computation-Based Control Methodology

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