Load control using sensitivity identification by means of smart transformer

Carne, Giovanni De; Buticchi, Giampaolo; Liserre, Marco; Vournas, Costas

doi:10.1109/pesgm.2017.8274364

Cited by 34 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…There are several references suggesting that a large portion of the load in DC systems, being based on power electronic converters, may behave as constant power loads [39,40]. An acceptable compromise can be found in [41], where a scenario with a considerable share of constant power loads is evaluated using the exponential load model. The aforementioned scenario is adopted in this work to represent the non-controllable DC loads, the modeling equation being adapted here to consider DC voltages, as expressed in Equation (18).…”

Section: And LV Dc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Transformers as Active Interfaces Enabling the Provision of Power-Frequency Regulation Services from Distributed Resources in Hybrid AC/DC Grids

2020

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Smart Transformers (STs) are being envisioned as a key element for the controllability of distribution networks in a future context of Renewable Energy Source (RES), Energy Storage System (ESS) and Electric Vehicle (EV) massification. Additionally, STs enable the deployment of hybrid AC/DC networks, which offer important advantages in this context. In addition to offering further degrees of controllability, hybrid AC/DC networks are more suited to integrate DC resources such as DC loads, PV generation, ESS and EV chargers. The purpose of the work developed in this paper is to address the feasibility of exploiting STs to actively coordinate a fleet of resources existing in a hybrid AC/DC network supplied by the ST aiming to provide active power-frequency regulation services to the upstream AC grid. The feasibility of the ST to coordinate the resources available in the hybrid distribution AC/DC network in order to provide active power-frequency regulation services is demonstrated in this paper through computational simulation. It is demonstrated that the aforementioned goal can be achieved using droop-based controllers that can modulate controlled variables in the ST.

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Section: And LV Dc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Transformers as Active Interfaces Enabling the Provision of Power-Frequency Regulation Services from Distributed Resources in Hybrid AC/DC Grids

2020

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“…The Smart Transformer is a power-electronic based transformer [23] [24], which can shape the load consumption of voltage-sensitive loads controlling the output voltage waveform [25]. An on-line estimation of the active power load sensitivity to voltage (as in [26]) allows for a high control accuracy of voltage-based control actions.…”

Section: St-based Real Time Frequency Regulation Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The final value of the sensitivities is obtained averaging all the values stored during the time window considered. Once the active power sensitivity to voltage is calculated for all three phases, the balanced voltage V to be applied to obtain the desired power variation ∆P is derived, as described in [25]:…”

Section: B Control Implementationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Primary Frequency Regulation Using Load Power Control by Smart Transformers

Carne

Buticchi

Liserre

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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In the last years the energy production share of power electronics-based generators has kept increasing with respect to the synchronous generation. These power electronicsresources do not offer rotational inertia, resulting in a decrease of the total system inertia and thus in larger frequency deviations during disturbances. Among several corrective solutions studied in literature, controlling the load consumption is a promising one. Fast in power response and widely distributed in the grid, load control is able to work as power reserve (both upwards and downwards) during frequency variations. In this regard, a Smart Transformer (ST) based solution is proposed. The ST is able to shape load consumption accurately by means of an On-Line Load sensitivity Identification-based (OLLI) control, and can support the primary frequency regulation in the power system. This paper presents an ST-based Real Time Frequency Regulation (RTFR) controller that varies load consumption by means of a voltagebased load control, in response to the frequency deviation in the power grid. The proposed method is described analytically and tested by means of a Power-Hardware-In-Loop experiments, in order to show the effectiveness of the RTFR controller in real time conditions and applications.

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“…2(a), in the LV grid, the ST controls the voltage in order to provide balanced and sinusoidal waveforms, independently from the current demanded by the LV loads. The ST is able to provide services to the distribution and transmission grid, performing load and generation control in the downstream LV grid [33,34].…”

Section: A Smart Transformer Classic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Large Photovoltaic and Wind System by Means of Smart Transformer

Zhu

Carne

Deng

et al. 2017

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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Large renewable energy systems (RESs), e.g., photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT) are connected to grid usually weak, with long lines. This degrades power system stability and reliability. Additionally, the magnetic characteristic of conventional power transformer (CPT) implies a slow dynamic and leads to grid current harmonic too high when wind speed is low and irradiance is weak. This paper proposes a parallel connection of a solid-state transformer-based smart transformer and CPT to not only reduce the power rating but also to support the voltage amplitude and improve the grid current quality. The simulation and experimental results clearly verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed strategy.

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Load control using sensitivity identification by means of smart transformer

Cited by 34 publications

References 4 publications

Smart Transformers as Active Interfaces Enabling the Provision of Power-Frequency Regulation Services from Distributed Resources in Hybrid AC/DC Grids

Smart Transformers as Active Interfaces Enabling the Provision of Power-Frequency Regulation Services from Distributed Resources in Hybrid AC/DC Grids

Real-Time Primary Frequency Regulation Using Load Power Control by Smart Transformers

Integration of Large Photovoltaic and Wind System by Means of Smart Transformer

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