Efficient exfoliation of well-crystallized (Y0.96TbxEu0.04-x)2(OH)5NO3 · nH2O (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) layered rare-earth hydroxide (LRH) crystals into tens of micron-sized unilamellar nanosheets has been successfully achieved by inserting water insoluble oleate anions (C17H33COO−) into the interlayer of the LRH via hydrothermal anion exchange at 120°C, followed by delaminating in toluene. The intercalation of oleate anions led to extremely expanded interlayer distances (up to approximately 5.2 nm) of the LRH crystals and accordingly disordered stacking of the ab planes along the c-axis and also weakened interlayer interactions, without significantly damaging the ab plane. As a consequence, the thickness of the LRH crystals increased from approximately 1 to 10 μm, exhibiting a behavior similar to that observed from the smectite clay in water.Highly [111]-oriented and approximately 100-nm thick oxide films of (Y0.96TbxEu0.04-x ) 2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04) have been obtained through spin-coating of the exfoliated colloidal nanosheets on quartz substrate, followed by annealing at 800°C. Upon UV excitation at 266 nm, the oxide transparent films exhibit bright luminescence, with the color-tunable emission from red to orange, yellow, and then green by increasing the Tb3+ content from x = 0 to 0.04.
Keywords:Layered rare-earth hydroxide; Ultra-large unilamellar nanosheets ; Hydrothermal anion exchange; Oriented films; Color-tunable emission
BackgroundLayered inorganic compounds have interesting physical/chemical properties, such as tunable interlayer spacing and interlayer composition, and can be readily functionalized via intercalation to produce specific properties [1]. In addition, they may potentially be delaminated into unilamellar nanosheets or nanosheets of few-layer thick via ion exchange, followed by mechanical agitation in a proper medium [1]. The obtained nanosheets can serve as ideal building blocks for the construction of inorganic or hybrid organic-inorganic multifunctional films owing to their significantly two-dimensional morphologies (lateral size up to microns and thickness down to nanometer level) [2][3][4][5][6]. Because of the significant morphological anisotropy, the nanosheets tend to orient themselves, with a certain crystallographic direction perpendicular to substrate surface, and thus introduce additional or greatly enhanced functionalities. Delaminating layered compounds into nanosheets attracted much attention, and monolayer nanosheets have been successfully exfoliated from several types of layered inorganic materials, such as layered double hydroxides (LDHs) [7,8] Layered rare-earth hydroxides (LRHs) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], with a general formula of RE2(OH)5(Am-)1/m · nH2O (rare-earth (RE) ions; intercalated (A) anions), are a new group of important anion-type layered materials that may potentially be exfoliated into single or few-layer thick nanosheets for the further construction of various nanostructures, particularly transparent functional films. Due to the unique elec...