Living Costs and Real Wages in Nineteenth Century Lima: Levels and International Comparisons

Zegarra, Luis Felipe

doi:10.1111/aehr.12186

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The bias caused by the omission of internal migration may be remedied by suitable instrumental variables, and may therefore be less of an issue in the Altonji and Card (1991) estimation than in the LaLonde and Topel (1991) estimation. More recent work on internal migration has failed to confirm the offsetting effect found in the earlier analyses, 5 but it nevertheless underscores the importance of instrumenting for the immigrant density.…”

Section: Factor Price Equalization Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth

Friedberg¹,

Hunt²

2018

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the New Immigration

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I mmigration is a contentious issue in the industrialized nations of the world. This is true not merely in traditional receiving countries, such as the United States, Canada and Australia, but in recent decades also in Europe, which historically experienced net emigration. In Europe, for example, support has risen in recent years for virulently anti-immigrant political parties, such as the National Front in France, the National Alliance in Italy, and the Republikaner in Germany. The debate has a particularly interesting twist in those countries most of whose residents are themselves descendants of immigrants. The inscription on the Statue of Liberty exhorts the world to "give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free. .. ." Yet there has always been a tension between this open-door philosophy and fear of the economic and social impact of the next wave of immigrants. Many of the key issues in the debate on immigration policy are economic. Most attention has been paid to the potential adverse effect on the labor market outcomes of native-born workers: immigrants may compete with native-born workers in the labor market, displacing them in employment or bidding down wages. Less attention has been devoted to the possible benefits of immigration. Immigrants may complement some native factors in production, which would lead to these factors benefiting from immigration, and overall welfare may rise. Another question less commonly asked is how immigration influences growth in per capita income. Cases in which it would be interesting to understand this link include the role of immigration in creating the large internal American

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Section: Factor Price Equalization Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth

Friedberg¹,

Hunt²

2018

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the New Immigration

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“…Finally, the literature provides a historical perspective on living wage study, which explores its evolution over time, often focusing on developments in one part of the world, e.g., the US (Adams, 2017;Luce, 2017), the UK (Bennett, 2014), and Lima, Peru (Zegarra, 2020). Other scholarship has considered the influence of Adam Smith in the development of the living wage movement, including his perspectives on recent developments (e.g., Clary, 2009;Noell, 2006;Plowman & Perryer, 2010).…”

Section: History Of the Living Wage (N = 12)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“Money’s too tight (to mention)”: a review and psychological synthesis of living wage research

Searle

McWha‐Hermann²

2020

European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology

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Traditional living wage research has been the purview of economists, but recently contributions from the field of work psychology have challenged existing perspectives, providing a different lens through which to consider this issue. By means of a narrative interdisciplinary review of 115 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2000 and 2020, we chart the transitions in the field with attention shifting from macroeconomic and econometric lens largely concerned with the costs of living wage policies, to a more person-centric lens focusing on the employee and their family. Synthesizing prior study, we outline five key themes: consequences for individuals, organizations, and societies; changes in operationalization; exploration of different contexts; study of social movements; and the history of the topic. We outline the importance of work psychology in developing the living wage debate through more inclusive definitions, and novel operationalization and measurement, thereby providing fresh insights into how and why living wages can have a positive impact. Critically, we outline the redundancy of simple study of wage rates without understanding the elements that make work decent. We raise key areas for further study, and this topic presents a significant opportunity for psychology to shift focus to impact upstream policy by providing new empirical evidence, and challenges to structural inequalities.

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“…For instance, Twrdek and Manzel (2010) indicate that height (proxy for nutrition) did not change during this period in spite of the economic bonanza. Other studies suggest that low-skilled workers could cover their basic needs, but experienced a decline in living standards during the Guano Era (Arroyo-Abad, 2014;Zegarra, 2020a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like most historical estimations of welfare ratios, Arroyo-Abad (2014) relied on historical diets to estimate welfare ratios. In another study, I relied on a linear programming model to estimate the cost of food, but assumed that the composition of the food basket was not very di erent from 1860s diets (Zegarra, 2020a). Importantly, both studies assume that people should ingest at least minimum quantities of calories and proteins.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Economic growth, nutrition and living standards in 19th century Lima: new estimates of welfare ratios using a linear programming model

Zegarra

2021

Am. Lat. Hist. Econ.

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This study relies on a linear programming model to estimate welfare ratios in 19th century Lima. By using a linear programming model, the food basket guarantees the intake of basic nutrients at the minimum cost. The subsistence cost includes the cost of food and other basic needs. The estimates show that low-skilled workers in Lima were able to cover their basic needs in 1800-1875. The results also show that living standards of low-skilled workers declined during the Guano Era. Living standards in Lima, however, compared favorably to several cities in Europe.

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Living Costs and Real Wages in Nineteenth Century Lima: Levels and International Comparisons

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth

The Impact of Immigrants on Host Country Wages, Employment and Growth

“Money’s too tight (to mention)”: a review and psychological synthesis of living wage research

Economic growth, nutrition and living standards in 19th century Lima: new estimates of welfare ratios using a linear programming model

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