Lisbon Emoji and Emoticon Database (LEED): Norms for emoji and emoticons in seven evaluative dimensions

Rodrigues, David L.; Prada, Marília; Gaspar, Rui; Garrido, Margarida

doi:10.3758/s13428-017-0878-6

Cited by 164 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Adults gave a higher mean score to almost all hands compared to adolescents (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) year olds), with the exception of transverse reduction at wrist level and clinodactyly (15)(16)(17)(18)(19) year olds only). The difference between the ratings of adults and adolescents was statistically significant concerning 13/18 (10-14 year olds) and 7/18 (15)(16)(17)(18)(19) year olds) of the presented hands. The discrepancy between adults' and children's (<9 years of age) mean scores was less obvious with adults giving higher scores to 11/18 (4/18, p < 0.05), the most significant difference between the mean scores was concerning radius aplasia where children rated it higher (1.86) than adults (1.39), p < 0.05.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Appearance of congenital hand anomalies

et al. 2020

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Background and Aims: Impact of appearance of congenital hand anomalies has not previously been reported. The purpose of this study was to describe the common perception about how different congenitally malformed hands look. Material and Methods: We developed a questionnaire in a game format to evaluate the appearance of different hands. Altogether 1450 (954 females) 4- to 84-year-old residents (296 children) of two European and one Asian (n = 102) country were asked to rate the appearance of different looking hands on a five-point pictorial Likert-type scale. Standardized photographs of the dorsal aspect of 17 different congenitally malformed non-operated hands and a normal hand were presented to respondents. Significance of age, gender, nationality, and profession of the respondents was assessed. Results: The respondents’ ranking order of the hands was nearly consistent. The normal hand (mean = 4.43, standard deviation = 0.85, Md = 5) and clinodactyly (mean = 4.37, standard deviation = 0.86, Md = 5) were perceived to have the best appearance. Symbrachydactyly (mean = 1.42, standard deviation = 0.68, Md = 1) and radial club hand (mean = 1.40, standard deviation = 0.68, Md = 1) received the lowest scores. Adults rated the appearance of hands higher than children regarding 14 hands, females higher than men regarding 15 hands, and Europeans higher than Asians in 4 hands (p < 0.05, respectively). Europeans rated four-finger hand (mean = 3.21, standard deviation = 1.18, Md = 3) better looking than six-finger hand (mean = 2.92, standard deviation = 1.18, Md = 3, p < 0.005), whereas Asians gave higher scores to six-finger hand (mean = 2.66, standard deviation = 1.26, Md = 3) compared to four-finger hand (mean = 2.51, standard deviation = 1.14, Md = 2). Medical doctors and nurses gave higher scores compared to the other profession groups, school children, and high school students in five hands (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A normal hand is perceived distinctly better looking than most congenitally different hands. Different malformations’ appearance was ranked very coherently in the same order despite of participants’ age, gender, nationality, or profession. Asians seem to prefer an additional digit to a four-finger hand.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Appearance of congenital hand anomalies

et al. 2020

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“…Importantly, our results can be relevant for understanding the affect dynamics in social communication. For example, during social interactions on computer or mobile‐mediated communication, many people express emotions and receive feedback with schematic faces (e.g., Emoji, Emoticons), and these new forms of expressing emotions may have social implications (Rodrigues, Prada, Gaspar, Garrido & Lopes, ). Investigating the link between emotional displays and behavior is important to understand interpersonal relations, by considering individual differences, such as gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in aggression: The role of displaying facial emotional cues in a competitive situation

Arriaga

Aguiar

2019

Scandinavian J Psychology

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2019). Gender differences in aggression: The role of displaying facial emotional cues in a competitive situation. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 60, 421-429.Prior studies have shown that facial emotion displays communicate emotional states and interpersonal intentions. This study addressed gender differences in aggression based on the facial emotional cues expressed from a fictional opponent. A modified version of the competitive reaction time task (CRTT) was used to measure aggression. Participants (N = 251), between 18 and 35 years of age, were randomly assigned to one of the four conditions of the fictional opponents' facial emotional cue displayed during the CRTT: anger, sadness, neutral, or the absence of facial expression. After each trial, participants were asked to report their own feelings and to choose a level of noise to administer to their opponent. Finally, motives for aggression were assessed. Results showed that women were less aggressive than men when receiving emotional cues of sadness and anger from the sender. In contrast, no gender differences occurred when a neutral expression was displayed or in the absence of any expression. In addition, men displayed similar levels of aggression across the four conditions, whereas women were more aggressive in both neutral and no feedback conditions than in the sad and anger conditions. Instrumental motives contributed to explaining the overall gender differences in aggression. These results suggest important moderator and mediator factors of gender differences in aggressive behavior.

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“…Emoji play an important role in the emotional content of a message. Several sentiment lexicons for emojis have been proposed (Novak et al, 2015;Kimura and Katsurai, 2017;Rodrigues et al, 2018) and also studies in the context of emotion and emojis have been published recently (Wood and Ruder, 2016;Hu et al, 2017).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal Emoji Prediction

Barbieri¹,

Ballesteros²,

Ronzano³

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter Of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Hu

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Emojis are small images that are commonly included in social media text messages. The combination of visual and textual content in the same message builds up a modern way of communication, that automatic systems are not used to deal with. In this paper we extend recent advances in emoji prediction by putting forward a multimodal approach that is able to predict emojis in Instagram posts. Instagram posts are composed of pictures together with texts which sometimes include emojis. We show that these emojis can be predicted by using the text, but also using the picture. Our main finding is that incorporating the two synergistic modalities, in a combined model, improves accuracy in an emoji prediction task. This result demonstrates that these two modalities (text and images) encode different information on the use of emojis and therefore can complement each other.

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Lisbon Emoji and Emoticon Database (LEED): Norms for emoji and emoticons in seven evaluative dimensions

Cited by 164 publications

References 59 publications

Appearance of congenital hand anomalies

Appearance of congenital hand anomalies

Gender differences in aggression: The role of displaying facial emotional cues in a competitive situation

Multimodal Emoji Prediction

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