Liquefaction flow slides in large flumes

Groot, M.B. de; Lindenberg, J.; Mastbergen, Dick R.; Ham, G.A. Van den

doi:10.1680/jphmg.16.00026

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It should be noted that boundary effects would be expected from the low end of the strongbox which would prohibit moving of liquefied sand. It is expected that a larger scale in length would give a gentler after failure (De Groot et al 2019). Considering that W_0.01_10g and W_0.1_10g did not fail up to the maximum tilting angle of the set-up (20°) while all other tests failed before reaching the limitation (Table 2), it can be concluded that the boundary effects play an important role in the post-failure behaviour of flow slides but barely influence the samples before the onset of liquefaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Centrifuge modelling of submarine landslides due to static liquefaction

Zhang¹,

Askarinejad²

2019

Landslides

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Sand erosion and scouring caused by waves and marine currents result in gradual increase of local seabed inclination and formation of slopes around hydraulic structures and offshore foundations. During this process, shear stresses in the soil body increase monotonically which may lead to static liquefaction and damage of the adjacent offshore infrastructure. This paper presents the details of a newly developed static liquefaction triggering actuator to be used at an enhanced gravity condition in a geotechnical centrifuge. This actuator simulates the steeping process of submarine sand layers due to scouring and enables the investigation of failure mechanisms in submerged slopes. The details of the centrifuge test setup designed and constructed to simulate the process of triggering static liquefaction in loose sand layers are presented. Furthermore, the performance of the novel integrated model preparation facility using sand fluidization is explained. The setup was used to conduct several centrifuge tests at four different slope steepening rates to investigate the slope steepening rate effects. Moreover, the effect of viscosity of the submerging pore fluid on the behaviour of the slopes at the onset of failure is investigated. The Coriolis effect on loose saturated sand samples during increase of g-level is examined as well. Results show that the built-up of pore pressure due to local shear deformations can be detected and considered as one of the triggering mechanisms of this kind of submarine slope instabilities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Centrifuge modelling of submarine landslides due to static liquefaction

Zhang¹,

Askarinejad²

2019

Landslides

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“…If the equilibrium of the slope is disrupted for any reason, such as climate change, erosion, or coastal flow slides, these structures may become ineffective (Aydoğan and Ayat, 2018;Cloutier et al, 2017;Stoutjesdijk et al, 1995;Guneroglu, 2015). Hence the movement of the seabed, coastal structures, and renewable wave energy devices can be negatively impacted (De Groot et al, 2012;Luijendijk et al, 2018;Ozkan and Mayo, 2019).…”

Section: Locationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Integrated Bayesian Risk Model for Coastal Flow Slides using 3-D Hydrodynamic Transport and Monte Carlo Simulations

Durap¹,

Balas²,

Çokgör³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Breaching and liquefaction are two types of coastal flow slides proposed in the literature. While their final results are similar, liquefaction and breaching failure are two different processes, with breaching failure characterized by a different progression and sand movement mechanisms. In densely packed sand, breaching causes delayed sand grain discharge and negative excess pore pressures. Liquefaction, when a mass of soil suddenly behaves like a liquid, flow out over overly gentle slopes. Flow slides typically go unnoticed until the slope fails above ground because they start below the water. Without modern technology, diving equipment, risk assessment, and probabilistic and sensitivity assessments, flow slides inherently challenging. The authors developed a new sensitivity index to detect the susceptibility of coastal flow slides. It was established a sophisticated hybrid model that accommodates flow slides in sync with unpredictable variables employed in this new sensitivity index. Innovative hybrid model has three distinctive models. The Hybrid Hydrodynamic Model addresses wave, wind, current, climate change, and sediment transfer. The Monte Carlo Simulation analyses sensitivity, and the Bayesian Network calculates joint probability of coastal flow slide parameters of this new index that includes environmental characteristics, including climate change. With the assistance of these three models, researchers aim at a) presenting a methodology for coupling coastal flow slide projections with outcomes; b) distinguishing two flow slides; c) examining variables influencing flow slides. The use of such a hybrid model and risk index offers a robust and computationally efficient approach to evaluating the critical angle slope for breaching failure.

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“…At that time, the flow slide mechanism was generally believed to be static liquefaction and despite Barentsen's arguments the term 'zettingsvloeiing' came into use as a synonym for coastal flow slide [20,21]. Research for the Delta works in large scale flume tests in the 1970s and later, focused on rapid liquefaction failures and prevention measures in loosely packed sands [22][23][24]. Flow slides like those observed in Zeeland however, have never been demonstrated in flume tests.…”

Section: Liquefaction or Breaching?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Watching the Beach Steadily Disappearing: The Evolution of Understanding of Retrogressive Breach Failures

Mastbergen

Beinssen

Nédélec

2019

JMSE

Self Cite

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Retrogressive breach failures or coastal flow slides occur naturally in the shoreface in fine sands near dynamic tidal channels or rivers. They sometimes retrogress into beaches, shoal margins and riverbanks where they can threaten infrastructure and cause severe coastal erosion and flood risk. Ever since the first reports were published in the Netherlands over a century ago, attempts have been made to understand the geo-mechanical mechanism of flow slides. In this paper we have established that events, observed during the active phase, are characterized by a slow but steady retrogression into the shoreline, often continuing for many hours. This can be explained by the breaching mechanism, as will be clarified in this paper. Recently, further evidence has become available in the form of video footage of active events in Australia and elsewhere, often publicly posted on the internet. All these observations justify the new term 'retrogressive breach failure' (RBF event). The mechanism has been confirmed in flume tests and in a field experiment. With a better understanding of the geo-mechanical mechanism, current protection methods can be better understood, and new defense strategies can be envisaged. In writing this paper, we hope that the coastal science and engineering communities will better recognize and understand these intriguing natural events.

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Liquefaction flow slides in large flumes

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Centrifuge modelling of submarine landslides due to static liquefaction

Centrifuge modelling of submarine landslides due to static liquefaction

An Integrated Bayesian Risk Model for Coastal Flow Slides using 3-D Hydrodynamic Transport and Monte Carlo Simulations

Watching the Beach Steadily Disappearing: The Evolution of Understanding of Retrogressive Breach Failures

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