Liposomes loaded with dual clinical photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy of cervical cancer

Abstract

A novel type of PS (Ce6-MB@Lips) which could be excited by a NIR laser was synthesized. After effective cell internalization, the stable Ce6-MB@Lips showed high phototoxicity and ROS production capacity, and excellent ability to promote tumor cell apoptosis in vitro.

Liposome-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Research: An Analysis of Global Landscape Efforts and Achievements

“…Preliminary developments in liposome cancer therapy demonstrate potential, but further investigation is required to ascertain their complete capabilities and therapeutic viability. Gaining a comprehensive comprehension of liposome-based cancer treatments is of utmost importance in order to enhance treatment modalities and enhance patient outcomes [ 30 , 52 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ].…”

“…The liposomes gather in the tumor tissue because of the increased permeability and retention effect. This targeted delivery method enables the specific activation of the photosensitizer through exposure to light, reducing harm to nearby healthy tissues [ 30 , 67 , 85 ]. Moreover, due to the adaptability of liposomes, multifunctional nanocarriers capable of transporting photosensitizers and chemotherapeutic drugs concurrently have been made possible, resulting in a synergistic therapeutic effect.…”

“…The efficiency of cancer treatments may be considerably increased by being able to deliver these drugs precisely to target areas within the body, such as tumor cells [ 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Additionally, the fact that these nanoparticles are lipid-based makes them advantageous in terms of the drug solubility, less toxicity, and enhanced bioavailability of anticancer drugs [ 6 , 30 ]. Nevertheless, similar to other domains of innovation, the transition from study to practical implementation is not devoid of obstacles.…”

FAP Targeting of Photosensitizer-Loaded Polymersomes for Increased Light-Activated Cell Killing

“…Because cancer cells often become nonresponsive to chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an alternative and/or complementary treatment modality for various malignant neoplasia and tumors. , In PDT, photosensitizers (PSs) excited by light of an appropriate wavelength in the presence of molecular oxygen produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce a tumor cell’s death . As PSs themselves are often cytotoxic, by encapsulating them inside nanocarriers, the side effects associated with PDT are diminished, and at the same time, the PS is protected from premature degradation. , Various nanoassemblies, including liposomes, , nanoparticles, micelles, and polymersomes, have been used as delivery systems that shield and release PS. A significant improvement was achieved by encapsulation of PS inside oxygen permeable polymersomes, where irradiation led to enhanced ROS production without releasing the PS .…”

Lutein-Based pH and Photo Dual-Responsive Novel Liposomes Coated with Ce6 and PTX for Tumor Therapy

“…However, blue and UV light have poor tissue penetration and can be harmful to normal tissues and cells . In contrast, near-infrared (NIR) light has deeper tissue penetration with lower potential for cell damage, making it preferred in biomedicine. , Ce6 requires NIR light irradiation in PDT and kills cancer cells by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). , Therefore, it is proposed to use Ce6 photosensitizer in PDT process to provide sufficient energy and strong oxidizing ROS to induce oxidative degradation of lutein. The combination of lutein and Ce6 extends the photoresponse of lutein and its block copolymer from blue light to NIR light, thereby enhancing the tissue penetration of lutein-based block copolymer nanoparticles and improving their targeted drug release.…”