“…Furthermore, they stimulate a response from the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis 24) . Consequently, visceral fat obesity results in insulin resistance 12,13,25) , and adipose tissue can therefore cause both mild chronic inflammation and insulin resistance through the actions of cytokines. In healthy subjects in the present study, other mechanisms may be more important than visceral fat obesity in elevating the hs-CRP level because obese subjects (BMI 25) comprised only 11.1% of nonsmokers and 22.4% of smokers 26) .…”