Lipopolymers from New 2‐Substituted‐2‐Oxazolines for Artificial Cell Membrane Constructs

Lüdtke, Karin; Jordan, Rainer; Hommes, Peter; Nuyken, Oskar; Naumann, Christoph

doi:10.1002/mabi.200500004

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Water-soluble polyoxazolines have been studied for various biomedical applications, because of their amphiphilic and self-assembling nature [114,115,116,117]. These polymers, with various chemical functionalities and architectures, can be synthesized by cationic ring-opening polymerization in a controlled manner [116,118,119,120].…”

Section: Peg Substitutes In Lipopolymers For Surface Engineering Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These polymers, with various chemical functionalities and architectures, can be synthesized by cationic ring-opening polymerization in a controlled manner [116,118,119,120]. Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMOZ)- and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEOZ)-linked DSPE ( 8 ) have been investigated for surface modification of liposomes as an alternative to PEG-DSPE [121].…”

Section: Peg Substitutes In Lipopolymers For Surface Engineering Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface Engineering of Liposomes for Stealth Behavior

2013

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Liposomes are used as a delivery vehicle for drug molecules and imaging agents. The major impetus in their biomedical applications comes from the ability to prolong their circulation half-life after administration. Conventional liposomes are easily recognized by the mononuclear phagocyte system and are rapidly cleared from the blood stream. Modification of the liposomal surface with hydrophilic polymers delays the elimination process by endowing them with stealth properties. In recent times, the development of various materials for surface engineering of liposomes and other nanomaterials has made remarkable progress. Poly(ethylene glycol)-linked phospholipids (PEG-PLs) are the best representatives of such materials. Although PEG-PLs have served the formulation scientists amazingly well, closer scrutiny has uncovered a few shortcomings, especially pertaining to immunogenicity and pharmaceutical characteristics (drug loading, targeting, etc.) of PEG. On the other hand, researchers have also begun questioning the biological behavior of the phospholipid portion in PEG-PLs. Consequently, stealth lipopolymers consisting of non-phospholipids and PEG-alternatives are being developed. These novel lipopolymers offer the potential advantages of structural versatility, reduced complement activation, greater stability, flexible handling and storage procedures and low cost. In this article, we review the materials available as alternatives to PEG and PEG-lipopolymers for effective surface modification of liposomes.

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Section: Peg Substitutes In Lipopolymers For Surface Engineering Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Peg Substitutes In Lipopolymers For Surface Engineering Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Engineering of Liposomes for Stealth Behavior

2013

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“…Employing this one-pot synthetic strategy, they prepared pEtOx-blockpoly(ethylene glycol) block copolymers using maleimide terminated poly(ethylene glycol). n PrOx [56] (Scheme 3). The influence of the side-chain functionalities in terms of 2D-gel formation was investigated.…”

Section: Functionalization Of Poly(2-oxazoline)s With Non-olefinic Rementioning

confidence: 99%

Design Strategies for Functionalized Poly(2-oxazoline)s and Derived Materials

2013

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Abstract:The polymer class of poly(2-oxazoline)s currently is under intensive investigation due to the versatile properties that can be tailor-made by the variation and manipulation of the functional groups they bear. In particular their utilization in the biomedic(in)al field is the subject of numerous studies. Given the mechanism of the cationic ring-opening polymerization, a plethora of synthetic strategies exists for the preparation of poly(2-oxazoline)s with dedicated functionality patterns, comprising among others the functionalization by telechelic end-groups, the incorporation of substituted monomers into (co)poly(2-oxazoline)s, and polymeranalogous reactions. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art of poly(2-oxazoline) preparation and showcases prominent examples of poly(2-oxazoline)-based materials, which are retraced to the desktop-planned synthetic strategy and the variability of their properties for dedicated applications.

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“…The lipopolymer 1,2-dioctadecyl-sn-glycero-3-N-poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) 50 (diC 18 M 50 ) was synthesized as reported previously (33). The dye-labeled phospholipids N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)-1,2-dihexadec-anoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, triethylammonium salt (NBD-DHPE) and N-(6-tetramethylrhodamine-thiocarbamoyl)-1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (TRITC-DHPE) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ligand Binding Alters Dimerization and Sequestering of Urokinase Receptors in Raft-Mimicking Lipid Mixtures

Siegel

Jordan

et al. 2014

Biophysical Journal

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Lipid heterogeneities, such as lipid rafts, are widely considered to be important for the sequestering of membrane proteins in plasma membranes, thereby influencing membrane protein functionality. However, the underlying mechanisms of such sequestration processes remain elusive, in part, due to the small size and often transient nature of these functional membrane heterogeneities in cellular membranes. To overcome these challenges, here we report the sequestration behavior of urokinase receptor (uPAR), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, in a planar model membrane platform with raft-mimicking lipid mixtures of well-defined compositions using a powerful optical imaging platform consisting of confocal spectroscopy XY-scans, photon counting histogram, and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy analyses. This methodology provides parallel information about receptor sequestration, oligomerization state, and lateral mobility with single molecule sensitivity. Most notably, our experiments demonstrate that moderate changes in uPAR sequestration are not only associated with modifications in uPAR dimerization levels, but may also be linked to ligand-mediated allosteric changes of these membrane receptors. Our data show that these modifications in uPAR sequestration can be induced by exposure to specific ligands (urokinase plasminogen activator, vitronectin), but not via adjustment of the cholesterol level in the planar model membrane system. Good agreement of our key findings with published results on cell membranes confirms the validity of our model membrane approach. We hypothesize that the observed mechanism of receptor translocation in the presence of raft-mimicking lipid mixtures is also applicable to other glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins.

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Lipopolymers from New 2‐Substituted‐2‐Oxazolines for Artificial Cell Membrane Constructs

Cited by 46 publications

References 44 publications

Surface Engineering of Liposomes for Stealth Behavior

Surface Engineering of Liposomes for Stealth Behavior

Design Strategies for Functionalized Poly(2-oxazoline)s and Derived Materials

Ligand Binding Alters Dimerization and Sequestering of Urokinase Receptors in Raft-Mimicking Lipid Mixtures

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